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Topic Always Connected: Key Insights In Youth, Media And Technology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Modern more covert forms of advertising?

A

product placement and advergames

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2
Q

What are the 3 trends that contributed to growth in interest in youth?

A
  1. Commercialization of media around them
  2. Development of media for youngest viewers
  3. Social media: Concerns
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3
Q

4 common characteristics of news stories abt youth and media

A
  1. More often abt negative than positive effects
  2. Focus on extreme incidents
  3. Journalist quotes clinical expert for credibility
  4. Missing nuance of research findings, aim for alarming soundbite
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4
Q

What caused children to become a vulnerable audience worthy and deserving of protection?

A

Ideas of 17th and 18th Enlightenment

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5
Q

What did Rousseau believe?

A

Children should be raised in freedom and protected

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6
Q

What fueled the return of the mini adult?

A
  • Rise of youth-driven emancipation movements
  • Rising commercialization of youth culture
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7
Q

How did homogenization of children and adults put pressure on the parent-child relationship?

A
  1. Parents lost control over what info reached their children –> weakens family structure
  2. Relationships with their children became more democratized –> parents more apt to admit mistakes
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8
Q

How did the emergence of television play a key role in changing parent-child relationships? (Elkind)

A

emergence of television reinforced bonds between parents and children more than any other previous media. Parents and children were likely to watch the same shows and identify with the same lead characters and role models –> ultimately homogenizing the experiences of adults and children.

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9
Q

How did television create a distorted reality that undermined the authority and prestige of parents? (Meyrowitz)

A

Representation of reality in television. Dominant portrayal of children in television: outspoken, smarter than parents.

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10
Q

Differences between reality and TV according to Gerbner? (3)

A

TV:
- More violent
- Include more men than women
- More traditional gender relationships

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11
Q

How does TV level differences between elite and rest of population? (Gerbner)

A

By showing same distorted view of reality. Media cultivate powerful shared culture

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12
Q

What are 3 causes of our changed notion of childhood?

A
  1. Television
  2. Change in family communication
  3. Rapid technological changes
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13
Q

What did Margaret Mead predict?

A

The young will eventually have a dominant role in society?

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14
Q

On what types of cultures were Margaret Mead’s predictions based?

A
  1. Post-figurative
  2. Co-figurative
  3. Pre-figurative
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15
Q

What post-figurative culture?

A

Parents with their wisdom and experience are the most important models, children are expected to follow footsteps, differences between old/younger generations are temporary

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16
Q

What is co-figurative culture?

A

the transition between post and pre. Adults and children orient themselves primarily to their peers,

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17
Q

What is pre-figurative culture?

A

youth are the dominant role model and they determine what happens, rapid tech changes

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18
Q

What is the paradoxical metamorphosis that childhood has undergone?

A

They defer all sorts of responsibilities traditionally associated with adulthood

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19
Q

How are youth today physically different than youth of the past?

A

Earlier puberty

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20
Q

How are youth today cognitively different than youth of the past?

A

More intelligent (Flynn effect)

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21
Q

How are youth today pschosocially different than youth of the past?

A

More self-esteem: degree to which you value yourself

Self-awareness: Understanding of how others perceive us

Higher degree of narcissism

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22
Q

What is the Flynn Effect?

A

The increase in (mainly fluid) intelligence. Caused by environmental factors

23
Q

Why is there no longer a dominant view of children and adolescents?

A

emergence of TV, rapid tech changes, commercialism

24
Q

What are the 2 views on the spectrum of childhood?

A

Vulnerable child & Empowered child

25
Q

What is the Paradigm of the Vulnerable child?

A

Children are passive, vulnerable, innocent beings who must be protected from evil (incl. media)

26
Q

What is the Paradigm of the Empowered child?

A

Child has strong need for autonomy, able and ready to handle life’s pressure and stress

27
Q

What is the Hypodermic Needle Perspective

A

Effects of medium are immediate, direct and uniform

28
Q

Other names for Hypodermic Needle Perspective?

A
  1. Magic bullet
  2. Stimulus-Response
29
Q

What is the Pied Piper Effect?

A

Children imitating clothing, attitude and behavior of cinema idols.

30
Q

What was Payne Fund Studies?

A

One of the largest-ever studies on the influence of motion pictures on children and adolescents. As a result of Pied Piper Effect

31
Q

Key factors as a result of Payne Fund Studies?

A
  • Age of child
  • Intelligence
  • Household situation
  • Inclination to criminal behavior
32
Q

What are the key findings of Payne fund Studies?

A

Motion pictures do not have a strong and universal influence on all children

No evidence to support Hypodermic Needle

33
Q

What is “War of the Worlds Study?

A

Fake radio war that only stirred a few of the listeners (1/16mil). Disproved Hypodermic Needle

34
Q

What is General Aggression Model? (Anderson & Bushman)

A

Focus on media’s influence on aggressive behavior. Also useful to understand other media effects.

Turned into DSMM

35
Q

what are the 3 global factors of DSMM?

A
  1. Disposition
  2. Age/developmental level
  3. Social environment
36
Q

Meaning Disposition? (DSMM)

A

every person-based trait that could influence a person’s media use

37
Q

On what scales do social environment have effect?

A

Micro, Meso, Macro

38
Q

What is Selective Exposure?

A

the tendency to gravitate toward media content that is consistent with our beliefs, attitudes, and preferences

39
Q

Media effects are:

A

Conditional and Reciprocal

40
Q

modern media effects theories have in common:

A
  1. Less emphasis on whether media effects exist
  2. More interest in the underlying mechanisms of media effects
  3. More interest in identifying who is particularly susceptible to such effects
41
Q

What are the 3 C’s?

A

Child,

Content

Conext

*Used by practitioners

42
Q

Why is it difficult to determine how much screen time or social media usage is too much?

A

Different ppl spend their time differently online.

Sugar intake example.

43
Q

what is changing for kids in media?

A

entertainment landscape, education, pediatrics.

44
Q

What age group: infants?

A

less than 1yr

45
Q

what age group: early childhood?

A

toddlers: 1-3yrs +pre-schoolers 4-5 yrs

46
Q

what age group: Middle childhood

A

5-12 yrs + tweens 8-12 yrs

47
Q

what age group: adolescents?

A

Early: 12-15yr
late: 15-19yr

48
Q

what age group: emerging adults?

A

19-25yr

49
Q

Why do kids of <2 have can’t use media for too long?

A

No large attention span

Not more than 2 hrs of TV was golden rule in US

50
Q

Why does smartphone ownership rise starting at tweens?

A

More unsupervised media time

51
Q

What are the different responses to media?

A
  1. Affective
  2. cognitive
  3. Physiological
52
Q

Three C’s: Child?

A

what is special about the child? Does the child have parents? Is
the child sociable or shy? What’s the age?

53
Q

Three C’s: Content

A

We need to know the specific content

54
Q

Three C’s: Context

A

Where is the child using the media? In class, at home? With who?

Topic Always Connected: Key Insights In Youth, Media And Technology (5 decks)

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