Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is an organism divided into?
Organ systems
Organs
Functional units
Tissues
Physiology
How living organisms function
How anatomical structure is suited for function
It is mostly the study of healthy bodies
What are the 4 types of tissues?
Epithelial, nervous, muscle, connective
Homeostatis
Stable internal condition, a dynamic stability
Can tolerate small deviations
Since the environment is constantly changing, homeostatic mechanisms are always acting in compensation
Ex. Body temp, blood sugar etc
Feedback systems
Maintain homeostasis by monitoring input
Can be positive or negative
Negative feedback systems
Turns a pathway off, usually there to bring us back to homeostasis
Are used to control production, secretion of a chemical product
Positive feedback systems
Turns a pathway on, usually takes us closer to homeostasis
Ex mosquito bite: get itchy, you scratch, that spreads the irritant, gets more itchy etc
Reflexes
Behavioral responses that are designed to preserve homeostasis (efferent pathway)
Local homeostatic responses
Allow individual cells or clusters of cells to change their environment
Auto fine signaling
When a cell secretes a hormone that binds to receptors on that same cell, leading to changes within the cell
Paracrine signaling
Cell to cell communication where a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells
acclimatization
Is reversible
Body can predict what your needs will be
Ex. Gym after 7 days you sweat immediately, prediction of your needs to perform homeostasis
Developmental acclimatization
An acclimatization response during a critical developmental period
Ex Andes mountain natives- live in high altitude, your body knows and develop a larger chest and lunches to help homeostasis
Circadian rhythms
Controls the sleep wake cycle based in past experiences, and exposure to dark and light.
