lab midterm 1 Flashcards
How to calculate heart rate
1/period (in beats/min) * 60`
simple diffusion
small non-polar molecules and some uncharged polar molecules
channels
ions (na, K, Cl) H2O and some small poalr molevules
Mediated transport
ions and some large uncharged polar molecules
what determines the rate of diffusion of uncharged polar molecules?
lipid solubility, or its ability to form hydrogen bonds with H20
penetrating solutes ex
urea, and glucose
how does urea cross the membrane?
in aquaporins
how does glucose cross the membrane?
through glucose transporters GLUT they use mediated diffusion
How can you tell if RBCs burst?
When hemolysis occurs cell fragments will settle to the mottom of the test tuve and the intracellular and extracellular solutions will be transparent
descriptive statistics
simple calculations meant to describe data such as average, mean, stdev and standard error
students t test
compares the mean of 2 populations to determine if the observed differences are signficnt meaning that the differences are due to real effectss not just chance differences
frequency
the number of cycles in a unit of time
=1/period
units are something per unit time
exteroreceptors
located on the surface of the body and respond to stimuli from the external environment such as temperature, touch and pain
interoreceptors
located in the internal organs and respond to fluctuartion in internal conditions
reflex arc
a mechanism consisting of a sensory receptor, a neural conducting pathway, and an effector which produces the ultimate response
autonomic
visceral, unconscious and involuntart
somatic
may be conscious and voluntary
includes movement of skeletal muscle
hyperactive reflex
occurs when an injury occurs in the spinal cord at a level higher than that of the reflex arc
electromyogram
EMG records the total electrical activity
vestibulo-ocular reflex
images are stabilized on the retina by rapid eye movement in the direction opposite to the direction of head movement
Nystagmus
slow movement of the eyes in the direction of rotation with a rapid jerky movement in the opposite direction
Romberg test
assesses neurological damage. tests the sense of balance
jendrassik’s maneuver
an isometric contraction of the arm and shuolder muscles prior and during the reflex test
what does a plythsmograph measure?`
mechanical, not electrical
Heart Rate
T2-T1/60
