Lecture 1

Question 1

Biological Classisfication

Answer 1

placing organisms into categories on similarities & differences

Question 2

Taxonomy

Answer 2

theory and practice of classification

Question 3

Systematics

Answer 3

study of the diversity of life

Question 4

Cladistics

Answer 4

group organisms based on inferred common ancestry

Question 5

Number Phenetics

Answer 5

grouping organisms based on the number of characteristics in common

Question 6

Traditional Classification

Answer 6

uses both inferred common ancestry & number of characteristics in common

Question 7

Photautotrophs

Answer 7

photosynethic light as the energy source Co2 is the carbon source

Question 8

Photoheterophs

Answer 8

light is the energy source

carbon is from organic compounds produced by other organisms

Question 9

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 9

inorganic substances are the energy source

C02 carbon sources

Question 10

Chemoheterotrophs

Answer 10

energy source and carbon source are from organic compounds produced by other organisms

Question 11

Crenarcheota

Answer 11

lives in hot(thermophiles) or acidic (acidophiles) places

Question 12

Phylum Euryarcheota

Answer 12

Methanogens (high methane) or Halophiles (high salt)

Question 13

gracillicutes

Answer 13

gram negative

Question 14

proteobacteria

Answer 14

largest group of gram negative bacteria

Question 15

cyanobacteria

Answer 15

blue green bacteria and able to photosynthesize

Question 16

Phylum spirochaetes

Answer 16

cell is a spirochaete

Question 17

Phylum chlorobia

Answer 17

use sulfur compounds during photosynthesis

live in environments free of oxygen

Question 18

Tenericutes

a. Phylum Aphragmabacteria

Answer 18

mycoplasma: lack of cell wall

Question 19

Firmicutes

Answer 19

gram positive

Question 20

phylum endospora

Answer 20

spore formers

Question 21

Phylum actinobacteria

Answer 21

distinguished by cells forming stringy threads as in fungi

Question 22

Phylum Deinococci

Answer 22

radiation of heat resistant

all are cocci

Question 23

Phylum Thermotogae

Answer 23

live in hydro thermal vents, possess a thick outer covering called a toga

Question 24

prokaryotic
no peptidoglycan in cell walls
have operons and plasmids
several RNA polymerases
live in extreme environments

Answer 24

Archaea

Question 25

``` Prokaryotic has peptidoglycan in cell walls has operons and plasmids one RNA polymerase lives everywhere except extreme environments ```

Answer 25

Eubacteria

Question 26

``` eukaryotes no peptidoglycan in cell walls no operons or plasmids has 3 RNA polymerases lives everywhere except in extreme environments ```

Answer 26

Eukarya

Question 27

Conjugation

Answer 27

donor donates DNA to a recipient

Question 28

Transduction

Answer 28

gene donation using a viral vector

Question 29

Transformation

Answer 29

incorporation of DNA from the environment

Question 30

cellular parasite, protein in the cell wall

Answer 30

phylum pirullulae

Question 31

What is the structure of a virus?

Answer 31

nucleic acid core Protein capsid membranous envelope

Question 32

mRNA virus

Answer 32

RNA is used by hosts ribosomes to produce viral proteins

Question 33

retroviruses

Answer 33

RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA (cdna)