Lecture 1

Question 1

Research

Answer 1

Research is an original investigation leading to the production of new knowledge through systematic information collection and critical analysis.

Work systematically and learn critically.

Question 2

Knowledge development

Answer 2

Knowledge is a justified true belief

Knowledge should have three components: Justification, truth and belief.

Question 3

Ontology

Answer 3

Ontology delas with nature of reality and reflects how an individual interprets a fact. Ontology means that you have subjective or objective interest in looking at reality.

Question 4

Knowledge

Answer 4

A claim is accepted because proof of truth or warrant is given

Question 5

Priori knowledge

Answer 5

Knowledge based on sense.

theoretical knowledge that fives connections among things

Question 6

Posteriori knowledge

Answer 6

Knowledge based on experience

Empirical asserts existence

Question 7

Opinion

Answer 7

personal point of view, varies in conviction.

Question 8

Faith

Answer 8

A claim is accepted without proof or warrant; yet high strength of conviction

Question 9

Induction

Answer 9

Induction is based on empirical evidence

Observations->analysis->findings->theory
qualitative type of research

This process goes from assumption to conclusions, induction doesnt have to be true.

Question 10

Deduction

Answer 10

Deduction is based on logic.
The researcher builds/ deduces hypotheses from existing knowledge, which can be subject to empirical testing and thus can be accepted or rejected.

Quantitative research

Idea-> observations -> conclusion

Question 11

Abduction

Answer 11

A combination of induction and deduction.

A theoretical interpretation of an empirical problem that can lead to development of new theories.

The original framework and theoretical assumptions of the researchers are continuoulsy modified as a result of empirical findings

Question 12

What comes first theory or data?

Answer 12

It is often assumed that theory should precede data, that is, observations interactions between theory and data take place.

The unexpected finding shows that the theory can be wrong, and thus forces the researcher to rethink prior belief.

Question 13

Research process

Answer 13

1. Research topic
      The phenomenon or theme to be studied
2. Research problem
2A. Problem presetation
3. Research design 
     Relates to the choice of strategy to collect the data needed tot 'answer' the stated research problem.
4. Measurement
       Choice of data an d how to collect them, from whom, and in what way.
5. Data
6. Sample/ respondents
7. Analyses
8. Writing 
9. Actions