Lecture 1/10/25

Question 1

What is the central dogma of genetic information?

Answer 1

DNA -> RNA -> Protein. DNA is transcribed into RNA, then translated into protein.

Question 2

Why is the central dogma significant?

Answer 2

It explains how genetic instructions are executed within a cell.

Question 3

What is the difference between dsDNA and ssDNA?

Answer 3

dsDNA has two complementary strands; ssDNA has one. dsDNA is more stable.

Question 4

Why is mRNA a ‘positive sense strand’?

Answer 4

Its sequence is directly translated into protein.

Question 5

How to identify positive and negative sense DNA strands?

Answer 5

The DNA strand complementary to mRNA is negative sense; the identical strand (except T for U) is positive sense.

Question 6

What is the complementary strand for (+)GATTACAGG?

Answer 6

CTAATGTCC (A=T, G=C base pairing).

Question 7

Where are ribosomes found?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm, rough ER, mitochondria.

Question 8

Where do proteins go based on ribosome location?

Answer 8

Cytoplasmic ribosomes: stay in cytoplasm. Rough ER: secreted or membrane-bound. Mitochondrial: used in mitochondria.

Question 9

Why are proteins important?

Answer 9

They catalyze reactions (enzymes), provide structure, transport, signal, and defend (antibodies).

Question 10

What is semiconservative DNA replication?

Answer 10

Each new DNA molecule has one parental and one new strand.