Lecture 04 Contraceptives Flashcards
How much has pregnancy rates drop since 2012?
By 10%
What’s the current birth rate for every 1000 for females between 15~19 years old
26.5
Females between 15~19 years old account for how many percentage of the 1.7 million reported chlamydia and gonorrhea cases in 2012?
25 percent
How much does STDs cost the nation’s health care system each year?
As much as 17 billion/year
What are Adolescent Pregnancy Risks? (4)
- 71% of adolescent mothers receive late or no prenatal care
- Increased risk of STI’s including Chlamydia, Syphilis, and HIV
- 7% are more likely to smoke which leads to 1. Higher risk for premature birth and low birth weight 2. SIDs
- Only half of mothers under age 22 receive a H.S diploma
When suggesting contraceptives, what are some things you should consider?
- Cost of contraceptive for the woman. Teens may not be able to afford expensive contraceptives 2. What works the best for the woman’s schedule. A teen may not remember to take her POP right on time.
What are the advantages of abstinence?
- Safe 2. Free 3. Available to all 4. 100% effective perfect use 5. Also prevents many but not all STI’s 6. Encourages partner communication.
What are FAM (Fertility Awareness Method) methods (4)?
- Calendar Rhythm Method 2. Natural Family Planning 3. Basal Body Temp Method 4. Cervical Mucous Ovulation-Detection Method
What a requirement for Calendar Rhythm and Natural Family Planning methods?
Menstrual cycles must be regular
How is the Basal Body Temp done?
BBT increases with ovulation, but before it must drop.
How does the cervical mucous ovulation-detection method work?
Mucous is spider like thickness, egg white when fertile. It requires females to check quantity and character of mucous for several months.
What is coitus interruptus and who does it not work for?
It’s withdraw and requires male to withdraw penis away from the female vagina when the urge to ejaculate occurs. He should ejaculate away from the external female genitalia. This isn’t recommended for teenage boys or men who can’t control their ejaculation.
What are advantages for coitus interruptus?
- Free 2. Can be practiced anytime during the menstrual cycle
What are disadvantages of coitus interruptus?
- Least effective (< 40%)
- Males need a fair amount of sexual experience to be able to anticipate ejaculation
- Not recommended for adolescents
- No protection against STI’s
What are advantages of condoms? (7)
- Increased participation for men 2. Sexual intercourse prolonged 3. Variety of size/style condoms 4. Low cost 5. Many condoms protect against STIs (natural skin condoms do not) 6. Female condom may be inserted up to 8 hours before intercourse. Don’t have to depend on men to bring condom. 7. Available without prescription
What are disadvantages to condoms female and male? (10)
- 80% effective perfect use/ 65% typical use
- Requires self control
- Condom can rupture/leak
- Oil based lubricants can decrease the effectiveness of condoms
- Single use only for both types of condoms.
- Dulled penile sensaion
- Outer ring of female condom may irritate external genitals
- Female condoms are higher cost
- Female condom insertion can may be difficult/awkward
- Noise produced during intercourse & altered sensation with female condom.
What are spermicides & Diaphragms? What are 2 stats with is.
They’re chemical and physical barrier to prevent fertilization. 1. Spermicides alone: 70% protection with perfect use/ 60% protection with typical use 2. Spermicides with diaphragm: 94% perfect use/ 80% typical use
What are advantages to using a diaphragm? (4)
- No prescription for spermicides 2. Spermicides add lubrication 3. Penis can remain in vagina after ejaculation 4. Safe for breastfeeding women
What are disadvantages to having a diaphragm? (10)
- Not for adolescents 2. Spermicides may be irritating 3. foams are messy 4. May interfere with spontaneity for repeat intercourse 5. Pt teaching increase the need to make sure there’s correct diaphragm placement, it may move during intercourse. 6. Diaphragm must be refitted with +- 10 lbs or pregnancy. 7. diaphragm has to be fitted by HCP 8. Contraindicated with hx of UTIs, cystitis, toxic shock syndrome
What’s a cervical cap?
Small, thimble shaped device made of soft rubber that fits over cervix, and held in place by suction
What are advantages of cervical caps? (same as diaphragms)
- No prescription for spermicides 2. Spermicides add lubrication 3. Penis can remain in vagina after ejaculation 4. Safe for breastfeeding women
What are disadvantages of cervical caps? (9)
- More difficult to fit: limited sizes 2. Replaced annually, fit by HCP 3. Not recommended for adolescents 4. Need refit if pregnancy, weight gain/loss 5. Device moves during intercourse 6. Awkward to insert and remove 7. Cannot be used during menstruation 8. Contraindicated if hx of Toxic Shock 9. 80% effective perfect use/70% typical use
What is a contraceptive sponge? How effective is it? What’s a risk with using this?
- It’s a small round polyurethane sponge containing nonoxynol 9 spermicide 2. 80% effective with perfect use/70% effective with typical use 3. nonoxynol 9 is irritating to mucous membrane and can cause an increase of WBCs which is attractive to HIV.
What are advantages for a contraceptive sponge?
- Same as diaphragm 2. Low cost
