Lect 8

Question 1

4 biggest reasons puppies die?

Answer 1

hypoxia
hypothermia
hypovolemia
hypoglycemia

Question 2

definition time frame of neonate?

Answer 2

birth to 2 weeks

Question 3

How are puppies/kittens different from adults?

Answer 3

blind, poikilothermic, limited mobility, entirely dependent on mother for survival

Question 4

two shunts fetal circulation has?

Answer 4

ductus venosus

ductus arteriosus

Question 5

cardiovascular changes at birth?

Answer 5

umbilical closed

circulation redirected to lungs and liver from changing pressures, increased circulation to kidneys, GI, muscles

Question 6

How are blood pressure and heart rate correlated in the first 4 weeks of life?

Answer 6

Inversely
Heat rate starts high (250, drops to 100)
BP: Low (50 goes up to 150)

Question 7

T/F atropine is a good choice in bradycardic puppies/kittens less than 14 days of age

Answer 7

False, parasympathetic structures don’t respond to atropine until older than 14 days of age

Question 8

How should we treat bradycardia in neonates with…

Answer 8

oxygen and warming

Question 9

When has it been too long for a neonate not to have taken their first breath yet?

Answer 9

Greater than 10 minutes

Question 10

what is the intubation tube called for neonates?

Answer 10

cole tube, or you can use feeding tubes or tom catheters

Question 11

T/F you can use skin turgor to assess dehydration in a neonates

Answer 11

False

Question 12

what do you use to assess dehydration in a neonate?

Answer 12

urination, stimulate genitals, they should produce at least a few drops of urine

Question 13

What happens to the GI when neonatal temperatures are less than 94?

Answer 13

Stomach and intestinal contractions stop and sphincter control stops. Risk of aspiration if fed cold!!

Question 14

What is a normal neonatal TPR?

Answer 14

rectal temp: 97
HR: 200
RR: 15 - 35
Hypothermia and extreme hypoxia cause bradycardia

Question 15

What does a sick neonate look like?

Answer 15

weak, limp, crying for more than 20 minutes

Question 16

Preweaning mortality most often what time frame?

Answer 16

the first week of life

Question 17

What is target temperature if you are worried about hypothermia?

Answer 17

97 - 98, Do not warm above 98!

Question 18

How do you rehydrate a hypothermic (<94) neonate?

Answer 18

Intraosseous catheter 1 ml LRS + 0.25 ml 10% dextrose per 30 gm body weight

Question 19

under what conditions can you feed neonatal puppies with potential hypoglycemia?

Answer 19

if they are warm and strong, if too cold, IV/IO dextrose

Question 20

When is hypoxia likely? T/F prolonged high oxygen levels is appropriate

Answer 20

likely with sepsis, pneumonia, hypothermia

Do not give for long time risk for developing vitreal fibroplasia

Question 21

What abx are safe for neonates?

Answer 21

ampicillin, clavamox, cephalosporins

Question 22

What are the landmarks for tube feeding placement?

Answer 22

tip of nose to end of last rib, use 8 - 10 French, prefill tube!

Question 23

Increase GGT indicates

Answer 23

the neonate absorbed colostrum