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POTH RESEARCH > lect 3: cross sectional > Flashcards

lect 3: cross sectional Flashcards

1
Q

what is a paradigm

A

assumptions and beliefs that guide research that we conduct

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of research paradigsm

A

1) quantitative (tradiitional method of science, at group level
2) single subject (at individual level)
3) qualitative (descriptive of lived experiences)

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3
Q

in what research paradigm would we manipulate an interviention

A

quantitative

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4
Q

which of the 3 paradigms would be the objective one

A

quantitative

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5
Q

which research paradigm involves the subjective experiences of an individual

A

quantitative

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6
Q

what is the purpose of the qualitative reserach paradigm

A

aims to interpret human experience in regards to the context of the situation

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7
Q

what is the purpose of the quantitative reserach paradigm

A

objective measurable data that focuses on generalizing the results to a particular target population

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8
Q

true or false: in the study design of quantitative research you need a hypothesis or theory

A

true

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9
Q

true or false: quantitative research helps determine if the theory/hypthesis can be confirmed

A

true

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10
Q

when must the hypothesis/theory be stated in quantitative researach

A

prior to conduction the study

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11
Q

what are the two subdivision of quantitative rearch

A

descriptive
analytic

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12
Q

true or false: descriptive studies establish causality

A

false, they do not

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of studies that go under descriptive studies

A

case report
case sereis
survey

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14
Q

what are the 2 types of studies that go under analytic studies (general)

A

observational and experimental

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15
Q

what are the only types of study in the analytic study design that can establish causality

A

experimental studies (RCT, quasi experimental, cross over and single-subject design)

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16
Q

what are 2 differences between observation and experimental studies

A

observational studies just observe whereas experimental ones intervene

experimental can establish causality

17
Q

what are the types of studies that are considered anayltic, observational

A

cross sectional (includes surveys)
case control
cohort studies

18
Q

what are the types of studies that are considered anayltic, experimental

A

RCT
quasi-experimental
cross-over
single-subject design

19
Q

true or falseL survey methods can only be used in observation studies

A

false, also in experimental

20
Q

what is a descriptive study design

A

describe the characteristics, characteristics of a population or a group of people or group of individuals undergoing a particular treatment or living with a particular condition.they are used in general to identify patterns, trends, relationship within a population, but they do not allow to establish cause and effect

21
Q

true or false: analytic design are used to determine parameters

A

true

22
Q

explain an observational study design

A

observe but do not intervene
=identify risk factors in a population and use it to find prevalence, history

23
Q

true or false: cross sectional studies are observational

A

true

24
Q

true or false: cross sectional studies are done over a period of time

A

false at one point in time

25
Q

describe experimental studies

A

the researcher intervenes/actively manipulates the variable to see its affect on a particular outcome

26
Q

true or false: experimental cannot establish causality

A

false it can

27
Q

what is the hierchay of scientific evidence

A

1) metaanalysis and systemic reviws
2) RCT
3) cohort
4) case control
5) cross sectional
6) animal designs
7) case reports, opinion papers

28
Q

why is the cross sectional design not in the oxford pyramid

A

because they do not establish causality

29
Q

what is the general purpose of cross sectional design

A

assess the strength and the direction of the association/relationship between variables (but cannot imply causality)

30
Q

what are cross sectional studies

A

DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES OF HEALTH STATES, CONDITIONS, DISABILITY AT ONE POINT IN TIME
=prevlance in a population
risk factors for a particular population

31
Q

true or false:cross sectional studies are DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES OF HEALTH STATES, CONDITIONS, DISABILITY AT different points in time

A

false, at one point in time

32
Q

what type of study design is important for looking at prevalence or risk factors

A

cross-sectional

33
Q

where would a cross-sectional design fit in the research cycle

A

mostly in the burden of disease

34
Q

true or false: CSS are used to estimate prevalnce

A

true

35
Q

what is prevalence

A

the proportion of people with a particular condition or health attire in a given population and 1 point in time

prevalence = existing cases/number sampled

(can be multiplied by a constant to give an estimate of a population)

36
Q

what are some of the strengths of a CSS

A
  • Often surveys the general population (can reach a large number of respondents and may collect data on many variables)
  • Helpful when trying to design a program allocate ressources
  • Carried out quickly
  • Less costly than many other study designs
    -Determine association between two or more variables

-Determines the strength and direction of the relationship

37
Q

what are the general weaknesses of the CSS

A

cannot establish cause and effect

temporality (you dont know which occurred first)
=variables need to be in a direct pathway

selection bias
information bias
confounding bias

38
Q

true or false: in a CSS, researchers to not manipulate variables

A

true

39
Q
A

POTH RESEARCH (7 decks)

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