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CATA 263 midterm > Lec.7 - Thorax, visceral and genital conditions > Flashcards

Lec.7 - Thorax, visceral and genital conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Contusions/fractures site

A

Trachea
Larynx
Hyoid bone
Hyperextension of the neck

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2
Q

Management if an obvious deformity or a severe anterior throat trauma occurs

A
  • Maintain airway
  • Treat as a spinal injury
  • Manually re-align the trachea to maintain airway if necessary
  • Apply ice if appropriate
  • Reduce anxiety and panic attack/shock
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3
Q

Stitch in the side

A

Sharp pain or spasm in the chest wall

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4
Q

Causes of stitch to the side (5)

A 
Trapped colonic gas bubbles
Diaphragmatic hypoxia with spasm
Liver congestion
Poor conditioning
Drinking too much water or eating too much before exercising
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5
Q

Management of stitch to the side

A
  • Forceful exhalation through lips
  • Forceful deep and regular breathing to focus on diaphragm
  • Trying to stretch away from the painful side
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6
Q

Breast conditions - Contusions

A

Excessive breast motion or direct trauma can lead to hemorrhage and edema formation

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7
Q

Breast conditions - nipple irritation

A

Runner’s nipples = friction

Cyclist’s nipples = Wind and perspiration

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8
Q

Red flags for thoracic injuries

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Deviated trachea
  • Anxiety, fear, confusion or restlessness
  • Distended neck veins
  • Bloodshot eyes
  • Suspected fractures
  • Severe chest pain; aggravated by deep inspiration
  • Asynchronous/unequal breathing or chest movement
  • Couching blood
  • Abnormal chest sounds
  • Rapid but weak pulse
  • Low BP
  • Cyanosis
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9
Q

Costochondral injury

A

Costochondritis and costochondral sprains from collision and/or twisting of thorax

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10
Q

S/S of costochondral injury

A

Pop sound
Sharp pain
Clicking sound

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11
Q

Management of costochondral injury

A

Pain management
Rest
Supportive taping
Inject cortisone or local anesthesia

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12
Q

Sternal fracture

A

Most common fracture is a transverse of ribs 5 to 9
Can cause immediate loss of breath
Localize pain and pressure over sternum

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13
Q

If suspected sternal fracture, should also assess: (3)

A

Cardiac contusion
Mammary vessels
Pulmonary laceration/contusion

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14
Q

Cause of rib fractures

A

Direct force

Muscle contractions

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15
Q

Rib fracture of rowers and golfers

A

Anterolateral stress fractures

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16
Q

Most common rib fracture

A

Non displaced

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17
Q

Lower ribs protect (3)

A

Spleen, pancreas, liver

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18
Q

Management of rib fracture

A

6inch wrap around the ribs to stabilize and reduce pain

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19
Q

S/S of rib fractures

A 
Patient leaning to the affected side
Stabilizing the area with a hand to prevent any movement
Local discoloration/swelling/deformity
Pain on palpation
Crepitus
Pain with deep inhalation (more than exhalation)
Pain with trunk rotation
Shallow breathing
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20
Q

Lung injuries

A
  • Hyperventilation

- Too much CO2 being exhaled

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21
Q

Management of lung injuries

A

Help the patient to regulate their breathing

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22
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air or blood trapped in pleural space causing portion of lung to collapse

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23
Q

2 types of pneumothorax

A
  1. spontaneous = cigarette, pneumonia, asthma, cystic fibrosis
  2. traumatic = chest injury (40-50%)
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24
Q

Management of pneumothorax

A

Medical emergency - 911
Help patient to stay calm and breathe slowly
Keep the patient seated if possible

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25
Cardiac tamponade
Direct trauma | Compress heart between sternum and spine
26
What is the leading cause of traumatic death in youth baseball?
Cardiac tamponade
27
Heart contusion
Decreased circulation to heart muscles Can lead to necrosis of heart tissue Can lead to cardiac arrest in certain cases
28
T or F: Left ventricle is often injured
FALSE, Right ventricle
29
Athletic heart syndrome
Benign condition associated with physiological changes to the heart muscle via intensive PA
30
Effects of athletic heart syndrome
Left ventricular enlargement Increased wall thickness Increases left ventricular mass that leads to maximal SV and CO
31
Cause of heart murmurs
Defective heart valves
32
Aortic stenosis
Valve unable to open completely
33
Aortic regurgitation
Blood leaks backward
34
Management of heart conditions
Help the patient stay calm Treat for shock Be prepared for CPR Immediate medical attention required (911)
35
Solar plexus contusion (wind knocked out)
Blow to the abdomen with muscles relaxed
36
Cause of solar plexus contusion
Diaphragmatic spasm and transient contusion of the sympathetic celiac plexus
37
S/S of solar plexus contusion
Difficulty breathing | Controlled inspiration and expiration
38
Management of solar plexus contusion
Keep the breath in | Bring knees to the chest and try to regulate breathing
39
Hernias
Protrusion of the abdominal viscera through a weakened portion of the abdominal wall
40
Acquired hernias
Direct blow, strain or abdominal pressure
41
Management of hernias
Refer to MD (require surgery) | Return to contact sports after 8-10 weeks
42
Most commonly injured abdominal organ in sport
Spleen
43
Kehr's sign
Present in 60% of splenic rupture | Pain in L upper Q, L lower chest and L SH
44
Management of splenic rupture
Surgery may be required | For conservative approach = strict bed rest, additional immunization meds, RTP after 3 months
45
Pain referred to the inferior angle of right scapula indicates?
Liver contusion and rupture
46
McBurney's point
1/3 distance between ASIS and umbilicus
47
Vulnerable in sports | From direct trauma or contrecoup injury
Kidney contusion
48
S/S of kidney contusuion
Pain, tenderness, hematuria | Pain posterolateral back, sides of buttocks and anteriorly to the lower abdomen
49
Causes of kidney stones (6)
``` High protein and low fiber diet Inadequate water intakes Living a sedentary life One kidney Family history Chronic urinary tract infections ```
50
S/S of kidney stones
Intense sudden pain in back below ribs, moves anterior to groin, bloody or cloudy urine, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills
51
Urinary tract infection
Infection that begins in the urinary system
52
Why women have 10x greater risk of UTI
Shorter urethra | Sexually active women more susceptible
53
Management of UTI
Urinary lab tests to identify the infection source | Antibiotics medicaton
54
Hematuria
Blood in urine
55
Causes of hematuria
``` Direct kidney injury Bladder contusion UTI Drug or medication use Foot strike hemolysis Infection Sickle cell disease Rhabdomyolysis ```
56
Proteinuria
Excessive protein in urine (may indicate early signs of renal disease)
57
Causes of proteinuria
Dehydration, heat related illness, fever, emotional stress, inflammatory conditions, high protein diets, diabetes
58
Penile injuries
Superficial wounds (contusion, abrasion, laceration, etc.)
59
Hydrocele
Swelling in the tunica vaginalis
60
Def of hematocele
Blood accumulation
61
Management of hydrocele
Place the patient on their back with the knees to their chest Ice can be used See a doctor
62
Variocele
Plexus of veins on the posterior testicle can become engorged
63
Testicular torsion
Rotational twisting of the vascular pedicle and spermatic cord Traumatic or congenital
64
Typically seen around puberty, manifesting itself after PA
Testicular torsion
65
Scrotal mass
Dragging, heaviness in lower abdomen and groin REFER Can also be indicative of testicular cancer
66
Management of female genital injuries
Ice Compression Bed rest when applicable

CATA 263 midterm (7 decks)

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