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CATA 263 midterm > Lec.7 - Thorax, visceral and genital conditions > Flashcards

Lec.7 - Thorax, visceral and genital conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Contusions/fractures site

A

Trachea
Larynx
Hyoid bone
Hyperextension of the neck

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2
Q

Management if an obvious deformity or a severe anterior throat trauma occurs

A
  • Maintain airway
  • Treat as a spinal injury
  • Manually re-align the trachea to maintain airway if necessary
  • Apply ice if appropriate
  • Reduce anxiety and panic attack/shock
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3
Q

Stitch in the side

A

Sharp pain or spasm in the chest wall

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4
Q

Causes of stitch to the side (5)

A 
Trapped colonic gas bubbles
Diaphragmatic hypoxia with spasm
Liver congestion
Poor conditioning
Drinking too much water or eating too much before exercising
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5
Q

Management of stitch to the side

A
  • Forceful exhalation through lips
  • Forceful deep and regular breathing to focus on diaphragm
  • Trying to stretch away from the painful side
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6
Q

Breast conditions - Contusions

A

Excessive breast motion or direct trauma can lead to hemorrhage and edema formation

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7
Q

Breast conditions - nipple irritation

A

Runner’s nipples = friction

Cyclist’s nipples = Wind and perspiration

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8
Q

Red flags for thoracic injuries

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Deviated trachea
  • Anxiety, fear, confusion or restlessness
  • Distended neck veins
  • Bloodshot eyes
  • Suspected fractures
  • Severe chest pain; aggravated by deep inspiration
  • Asynchronous/unequal breathing or chest movement
  • Couching blood
  • Abnormal chest sounds
  • Rapid but weak pulse
  • Low BP
  • Cyanosis
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9
Q

Costochondral injury

A

Costochondritis and costochondral sprains from collision and/or twisting of thorax

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10
Q

S/S of costochondral injury

A

Pop sound
Sharp pain
Clicking sound

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11
Q

Management of costochondral injury

A

Pain management
Rest
Supportive taping
Inject cortisone or local anesthesia

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12
Q

Sternal fracture

A

Most common fracture is a transverse of ribs 5 to 9
Can cause immediate loss of breath
Localize pain and pressure over sternum

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13
Q

If suspected sternal fracture, should also assess: (3)

A

Cardiac contusion
Mammary vessels
Pulmonary laceration/contusion

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14
Q

Cause of rib fractures

A

Direct force

Muscle contractions

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15
Q

Rib fracture of rowers and golfers

A

Anterolateral stress fractures

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16
Q

Most common rib fracture

A

Non displaced

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17
Q

Lower ribs protect (3)

A

Spleen, pancreas, liver

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18
Q

Management of rib fracture

A

6inch wrap around the ribs to stabilize and reduce pain

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19
Q

S/S of rib fractures

A 
Patient leaning to the affected side
Stabilizing the area with a hand to prevent any movement
Local discoloration/swelling/deformity
Pain on palpation
Crepitus
Pain with deep inhalation (more than exhalation)
Pain with trunk rotation
Shallow breathing
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20
Q

Lung injuries

A
  • Hyperventilation

- Too much CO2 being exhaled

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21
Q

Management of lung injuries

A

Help the patient to regulate their breathing

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22
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air or blood trapped in pleural space causing portion of lung to collapse

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23
Q

2 types of pneumothorax

A
  1. spontaneous = cigarette, pneumonia, asthma, cystic fibrosis
  2. traumatic = chest injury (40-50%)
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24
Q

Management of pneumothorax

A

Medical emergency - 911
Help patient to stay calm and breathe slowly
Keep the patient seated if possible

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25
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Direct trauma

Compress heart between sternum and spine

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26
Q

What is the leading cause of traumatic death in youth baseball?

A

Cardiac tamponade

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27
Q

Heart contusion

A

Decreased circulation to heart muscles
Can lead to necrosis of heart tissue
Can lead to cardiac arrest in certain cases

28
Q

T or F: Left ventricle is often injured

A

FALSE, Right ventricle

29
Q

Athletic heart syndrome

A

Benign condition associated with physiological changes to the heart muscle via intensive PA

30
Q

Effects of athletic heart syndrome

A

Left ventricular enlargement
Increased wall thickness
Increases left ventricular mass that leads to maximal SV and CO

31
Q

Cause of heart murmurs

A

Defective heart valves

32
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Valve unable to open completely

33
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

Blood leaks backward

34
Q

Management of heart conditions

A

Help the patient stay calm
Treat for shock
Be prepared for CPR
Immediate medical attention required (911)

35
Q

Solar plexus contusion (wind knocked out)

A

Blow to the abdomen with muscles relaxed

36
Q

Cause of solar plexus contusion

A

Diaphragmatic spasm and transient contusion of the sympathetic celiac plexus

37
Q

S/S of solar plexus contusion

A

Difficulty breathing

Controlled inspiration and expiration

38
Q

Management of solar plexus contusion

A

Keep the breath in

Bring knees to the chest and try to regulate breathing

39
Q

Hernias

A

Protrusion of the abdominal viscera through a weakened portion of the abdominal wall

40
Q

Acquired hernias

A

Direct blow, strain or abdominal pressure

41
Q

Management of hernias

A

Refer to MD (require surgery)

Return to contact sports after 8-10 weeks

42
Q

Most commonly injured abdominal organ in sport

A

Spleen

43
Q

Kehr’s sign

A

Present in 60% of splenic rupture

Pain in L upper Q, L lower chest and L SH

44
Q

Management of splenic rupture

A

Surgery may be required

For conservative approach = strict bed rest, additional immunization meds, RTP after 3 months

45
Q

Pain referred to the inferior angle of right scapula indicates?

A

Liver contusion and rupture

46
Q

McBurney’s point

A

1/3 distance between ASIS and umbilicus

47
Q

Vulnerable in sports

From direct trauma or contrecoup injury

A

Kidney contusion

48
Q

S/S of kidney contusuion

A

Pain, tenderness, hematuria

Pain posterolateral back, sides of buttocks and anteriorly to the lower abdomen

49
Q

Causes of kidney stones (6)

A 
High protein and low fiber diet
Inadequate water intakes
Living a sedentary life
One kidney
Family history
Chronic urinary tract infections
50
Q

S/S of kidney stones

A

Intense sudden pain in back below ribs, moves anterior to groin, bloody or cloudy urine, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills

51
Q

Urinary tract infection

A

Infection that begins in the urinary system

52
Q

Why women have 10x greater risk of UTI

A

Shorter urethra

Sexually active women more susceptible

53
Q

Management of UTI

A

Urinary lab tests to identify the infection source

Antibiotics medicaton

54
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in urine

55
Q

Causes of hematuria

A 
Direct kidney injury
Bladder contusion
UTI
Drug or medication use
Foot strike hemolysis
Infection
Sickle cell disease
Rhabdomyolysis
56
Q

Proteinuria

A

Excessive protein in urine (may indicate early signs of renal disease)

57
Q

Causes of proteinuria

A

Dehydration, heat related illness, fever, emotional stress, inflammatory conditions, high protein diets, diabetes

58
Q

Penile injuries

A

Superficial wounds (contusion, abrasion, laceration, etc.)

59
Q

Hydrocele

A

Swelling in the tunica vaginalis

60
Q

Def of hematocele

A

Blood accumulation

61
Q

Management of hydrocele

A

Place the patient on their back with the knees to their chest
Ice can be used
See a doctor

62
Q

Variocele

A

Plexus of veins on the posterior testicle can become engorged

63
Q

Testicular torsion

A

Rotational twisting of the vascular pedicle and spermatic cord
Traumatic or congenital

64
Q

Typically seen around puberty, manifesting itself after PA

A

Testicular torsion

65
Q

Scrotal mass

A

Dragging, heaviness in lower abdomen and groin
REFER
Can also be indicative of testicular cancer

66
Q

Management of female genital injuries

A

Ice
Compression
Bed rest when applicable

CATA 263 midterm (7 decks)

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