Lec4

Question 1

First larger-scale aquatic environmental issue resulted due to what?

Answer 1

lead water pipes that were used in large Roman towns.

Question 2

eutrophicaion caused by fertilizing compounds from:

Answer 2

1. human settlements
2. industry
3. agriculture
4. aquaculture

Question 3

Why gut bacteria are still a major component to be determined when water quality criteria are established?

Answer 3

Because it’s can cause epidemics of intestinal
diseases like Cholera sp.

Question 4

effected on streams and lakes in Norway, Sweden, and Finland, where whole fish stocks, especially of salmonids, were wiped out.

Answer 4

acid rain

Question 5

contamination of water is of the greatest effect on:

Answer 5

➢ fish stocks
➢ fish diversity

Question 6

Only biotic factors may cause the transformation
T/F?

Answer 6

F,Both abiotic and biotic factors.

Question 7

are needed in small amounts in enzymes, oxygen-carrying pigments, etc., but become toxic in high concentrations.

Answer 7

Essential metals

Question 8

are not needed, and they are toxic immediately after a limiting concentration has been reached.

Answer 8

Nonessential metals

Question 9

• used in water pipes
• part of the active group of several enzymes and the invertebrate oxygenbinding protein hemocyanin.
• metal is needed in small amounts.

Answer 9

Copper

Question 10

• was a component of leaded fuel
• organometallic compound

Answer 10

Lead

Question 11

Major aquatic pollution sources:

Answer 11

➢ effluents of paint manufacturing.
➢ Industries
➢ households using lead-containing paints or batteries
➢ addition to mining effluents.
➢ Lead as weights for fishing nets

Question 12

• toxicologically important metal with no known biological need.
• In nature it is always associated with zinc.

Answer 12

Cadmium

Question 13

• fourth most abundant on the Earth’s surface
• major component of hemoglobin

Answer 13

Iron

Question 14

Iron toxicity occurs when the body has too much iron.
T/F?

Answer 14

T

Question 15

• associated with environmental acidification.
• common elements of the earth’s crust.

Answer 15

Aluminum

Question 16

• ion is one of the most toxic forms of a heavy metal.
• use in water purification, wound care, orthopedic surgery, and cardiac devices
• antibiotic in human health care.

Answer 16

Silver

Question 17

• has been used as a poison.
• pesticides and components of semiconductors.
• first chemical warfare agents, and the stockpiles of these have subsequently been dumped to the bottom of the sea.

Answer 17

Arsenic

Question 18

• used in thermometers.
• used in extracting gold.

Answer 18

Mercury

Question 19

Elemental mercury was used in:

Answer 19

o thermometers.
o still used in batteries.
o light tubes.
o used in extracting gold.

Question 20

containing carbon–carbon bonds.

Answer 20

Organic compounds

Question 21

■ Organic compounds include:

Answer 21

o alkanes and alkenes.
o phenols.
o compounds with imidazole.
o benzene rings.

Question 22

lipophilicity of organic compounds is low
T/F?

Answer 22

F, high