Lec15

Question 1

scientific process that determines the probability of harm to plants and animals that may be exposed to hazardous substances from a contaminated site.

Answer 1

ecological risk assessments

Question 2

The process of determining risk.

Answer 2

Risk assessment

Question 3

The organisms (s) or ecological resource(s) of interest that might be adversely affected by contact with or exposure to a stressor.

Answer 3

Receptor

Question 4

Any physical ,chemical or biological entity that can induce an adverse effect .

Answer 4

Stressor

Question 5

ecological risk assessment includes four phases, but ended with Planning
T/F?

Answer 5

F, begins

Question 6

ecological risk assessment phases
عددي

Answer 6

Phase 1 - Problem Formulation
Phase 2 - Exposure assessment
Phase 3 - Effect assessment
Phase 4 - Risk Characterization

Question 7

objective of the problem formulation phase is to?
عددي

Answer 7

• refine the objectives for the risk assessment,
• determine which ecological entities are at risk, and
• determine which characteristics are important to protect.

Question 8

estimates the relationship between the stressor(s) and the receptor (s).

Answer 8

Phase 3 - Effect assessment

Question 9

Information sources about effect assessment
عددي

Answer 9

● Literature.
● Laboratory.
● Filed studies.

Question 10

• Final phase of the ecological risk assessment .
• Estimates the magnitude and probability of effects
• Integrates other risk assessment components

Answer 10

Phase 4 - Risk Characterization

Question 11

Risk characterization involves three steps
اذكريهم

Answer 11

1.Calculation of risk estimate.
2. Description of uncertainty associated with the estimate.
3. interpretation of the ecological significance of the
estimate.

Question 12

can be done on a qualitative or quantitative basis.
Which phase?

Answer 12

Phase 4 - Risk Characterization

Question 13

The characterization should fully and explicitly disclose the risk assessment methods, default assumptions, logic.

Answer 13

Transparency

Question 14

The products from the risk assessment should be readily understood by readers inside and outside of the risk assessment process.

Answer 14

Clarity

Question 15

The risk assessment should be conducted and presented
in a manner that is consistent with EPA policy and consistent with other risk characterizations of similar scope.

Answer 15

Consistency

Question 16

The risk assessment should employ sound judgment, use methods and assumptions consistent with the current state-of-thescience, and be conveyed in a manner that is complete, balanced, and informative.

Answer 16

Reasonableness