Lec1&2

Question 1

is the study of the effects of pollutants upon the structure and function of ecological systems.

Answer 1

Environmental toxicology

Question 2

important role of Environmental toxicology?

Answer 2

evaluation of the impacts of chemicals on biological systems

Question 3

provides the bases of our ability to interpret the interactions of species in ecosystems and the impacts that toxicants may have upon the function and structure.

Answer 3

Ecology

Question 4

describing the interactions of an organism with a toxicant at the molecular level.

Answer 4

Molecular biology and pharmacokinetics

Question 5

Analytical chemistry provides data on?

Answer 5

1. the environmental concentration of a toxic
   compound
2. and can also be used to estimate the safe
   dose to the organism

Question 6

provides the basic language and the foundations of both the abiotic and biotic interactions within an ecosystem.

Answer 6

Organic chemistry

Question 7

Effluents from waste discharges are tested (why?)

Answer 7

to ensure that the released material does not have an associated toxicity that exceeds permissible limits.

Question 8

Waste materials from the production and refining of oil need to be evaluated for identifying their environmental impacts

Answer 8

Environmental toxicity assessment

Question 9

What is the meaning of Environmental toxicity assessment ?

Answer 9

Waste materials from the production and refining of oil be evaluated for identifying their environmental impact

Question 10

contribution of the physical– chemical characteristics of a compound to the observed toxicity

Answer 10

quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs).

Question 11

(QSAR) methods are important for what?

Answer 11

for prediction of biological effect of chemical compounds based on mathematical and statistical relations

Question 12

suppression by xenobiotics could have subtle but important impacts on natural populations

Answer 12

Immunological

Question 13

have a variety of immunological responses that can be examined in the laboratory setting from field collections.

Answer 13

Invertebrates and other organisms

Question 14

decrease in species diversity is due to?

Answer 14

֎ stress
֎impact upon a particular ecosystem.

Question 15

The contribution of the physical–chemical characteristics of a compound to the observed toxicity

Answer 15

quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs).

Question 16

the increase in concentration of a chemical in tissue compared to the environment, often occurs with materials that are more soluble in lipid and organics (lipophillic) than in water (hydrophilic).

Answer 16

Bioaccumulation

Question 17

is the process that breaks down a xenobiotic into a simpler form.

Answer 17

Biodegradation

Question 18

biodegradation of organics results in the release of …… and ……. to the environment.

Answer 18

CO2 and H2O