LEC1: pH and Buffers Flashcards
where can a buffer be useful?
+/- 1 pH unit around the pKa
formula for dissociation constant of an acid?
how do weak acids/abses act as buffers?
weak acids & bases only partially dissociate into charged species
buffers provide a reservoir of acid that consumes added base, reservoir of base that consumes added acid
therefore dampen pH changes
what do acids and bases tend to do, what is each’s effect on pH?
acids donate protons, cause a decrease in pH
bases accept protons, cause an increase in pH by removing protons from H2O
what do acids/bases each do re: proton exchange?
acids donate protons
bases accept protons
what is pH for pure water under normal conditions?
pH = 7
what is the definition of pH?
pH = -log[H+]
pH is the measure of the H+ion concentration
what is the effect of buffers on pH?
buffers dampen pH changes
what is the Ka?
dissociation constant of an acid
what does this curve show?
concentration curve for buffer
shows relationship between acid added/base added (x axis) & pH (y axis)
see small changes to pH when add base (to the R) or acid (to the L) because this is where buffer is useful
see if add a LOT of base or acid, the conjugate acid/base is exhausted, buffer is no longer useful as a buffer
what is Henderson-Hasselbach equation?
what is the pKa of a weak acid?
the pH at which 1/2 of the molecules are dissociated into ions
what is the maximum buffering capacity of a weak acid?
1 pH unit above/below the pKa
here, both acid and conjugate base are present, can consume added ions
how is an acid and a base when each is above its pKa?
acid above its pka: unprotonated, charged
base above its pKa: unprotonated, neutral
what buffers human blood?
bicarbonate buffering system