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MT6322 > [LEC] Unit 6: Opportunistic Mycoses > Flashcards

[LEC] Unit 6: Opportunistic Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

Infections in patients with immune deficiencies who would otherwise not be infected

A

Opportunistic mycoses

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2
Q

Endogenous/Exogenous: Part of a normal human flora (microbiota)

A

Endogenous

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3
Q

Endogenous/Exogenous: Fungus does not normally live in/on human body

A

Exogenous

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4
Q

Examples of Endogenous fungi

A

Candida spp.
Pneumocystis jirovecii

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5
Q

Examples of Exogenous fungi

A

Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillus spp.
Zygomycetes

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6
Q

Condition caused by Candida albicans

A

Candidiasis or Moniliasis

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7
Q

Causes the most frequent opportunistic fungal infections

A

Candida spp.

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8
Q

Harmless inhabitants of the skin and mucous membranes (RT, GIT, Female Genital tract)

A

Candida spp.

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9
Q

T or F: Normal immune system keeps Candida off body surfaces

A

F

keeps Candida on

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10
Q

Examples of other candida spp.:

A

○ C. tropicalis
○ C. krusei
○ C. parapsilosis
○ C. glabrata
○ C. gullermondii
○ C. lusitaniae
○ C. kefyr

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11
Q

T or F: CD4 is a main defense mechanism of the body against Candida

A

T

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12
Q

The most important risk factor in Candidiasis

A

Neutropenia

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13
Q

Onychomycosis is the infection of what body part?

A

Nails

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14
Q

T or F: Only about 30% of candidemia cases can be proven

A

F

50%

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15
Q

T or F: The mortality of candidemia is 30-40%

A

T

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16
Q

Identify the colors seen in Chrom Agar:

● C. albicans-
● Candida krusei-
● Candida tropicalis-
● Other species-

A

● C. albicans- green
● Candida krusei- pink
● Candida tropicalis- metallic blue
● Other species- white to mauve

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17
Q

Alternative for Chrom Agar

A

Germ Tube

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18
Q

T or F: C. albicans is germ tube (+) in low protein environment

A

F

high protein

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19
Q

Candida spp. that are (+) in Germ Tube Test

A

C. albicans and C. dubliniensis

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20
Q

Example of high protein environment for Germ Tube Test

A

Plasma / Serum

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21
Q

T or F: Cross infections of candidiasis are common among ICU patients

A

T

22
Q

Treatment of Candidiasis

A

Amphotericin B (for neutropenic patients)
Fluconazole (nonneutropenic patients)
Nystatin (suppresses intestinal and vaginal candidiasis)
Caspofungin

23
Q

Causative agent of Pneumocystis Pneumonia

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

24
Q

T or F: Pneumocystis jirovecii was previously classified as a bacteria

A

F

protozoa

25
Q

Present in lungs of many mammals, including humans, in persistent but harmless infection

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

26
Q

Patients who underwent transplantation are given __________ _______ so that the body will not reject the organ

A

immunosuppressive agents

27
Q

T or F: Corticosteroid can weaken the immune system

A

T

28
Q

Causes interstitial pneumonitis in compromised patients

A

P. jirovecii

29
Q

Treatment and prevention of P. jirovecii

A

Co-trimoxazole
Pentamidine

30
Q

Condition caused by Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Cryptococcosis or Torulosis

31
Q

Occurs worldwide in soil and in bird droppings

A

C. neoformans

32
Q

Prominent feature: thick polysaccharide capsule, which causes evasion from phagocytosis

A

C. neoformans

33
Q

T or F: C. neoformans may disseminate in other organs like the brain, causing meningitis

A

T

34
Q

T or F: Exudate can be used as a specimen for C. neoformans

A

T

35
Q

Treatment of C. neoformans

A

Combination of chemotherapy of Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

36
Q

Infection is always exogenous, it is not transmitted from human to human

A

C. neoformans

37
Q

Test for C. neoformans that detects enzyme phenol oxidase

A

Niger Seed Agar

38
Q

Causative agent of Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus spp.

39
Q

Aspergilli are worldwide occurring _________,
living in soil and on plants; they have small conidia that form aerosols

A

saprophytes

40
Q

Produce aflatoxins in food

A

Aspergillus flavus

41
Q

Color of Aspergillus colonies on SDA

A

gray to green

42
Q

Treatment for Aspergillosis

A

Amphotericin B, Itraconazole, Flucytosine and Surgery

43
Q

T or F: Aspergillosis can be prevented by avoiding exposure to conidia (new buildings)

A

T

44
Q

Causative agents of Zygomycosis

A

Mucor
Rhizopus
Absidia
Rhizomucor

45
Q

It is an invasive disease caused by zygomycetes

A

Zygomycosis

46
Q

These fungi are ubiquitous thermotolerant saprophyte; spores are present in air and dust

A

Zygomycosis

47
Q

It is an obsolete polyphyletic taxon

A

Class Phycomycetes

48
Q

T or F: Spores of Rhizopus remain adhered to the columella thus not easily disseminated

A

F

should be Mucor

49
Q

Have globose sporangia
and sporangiophores are
not swollen where they
merge with the columellae

A

Absidia

50
Q

Results from germination of the sporangiospores in the nasal passages and invasion of the hyphae into the blood vessels, causing thrombosis, infarction
and necrosis

A

Rhinocerebral mucormysosis

51
Q

This follows inhalation of the sporangiospores with
invasion of the lung parenchyma and vasculature

A

Thoracic mucormysosis

MT6322 (4 decks)

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