[LEC] Unit 5: Systemic Mycoses

Question 1

Fungal infections which can overcome the physiological and cellular defenses of the normal human host

Answer 1

Systemic mycoses

Question 2

Infection of systemic mycoses occurs by ________ of air-borne _________

Answer 2

inhalation ; conidia

Question 3

T or F: Fungal infection can be present in multiple organs

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Agents of Systemic Mycoses

Answer 4

Blast His Party Coke

● Blastomyces dermatitidis
● Coccidioides spp.
○ C. immitis
○ C. posadasii
● Histoplasma capsulatum
● Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 5

The characteristic of having different forms in different temperatures

Answer 5

Dimorphism

Question 6

A chronic infection with granulomatous and suppurative lesions that are initiated in the lungs

Answer 6

Blastomycosis

Question 7

T or F: Blastomycosis is most prevalent In middle-aged women

Answer 7

F

men

Question 8

T or F: The symptoms of Blastomycoses are often similar to the symptoms of flu

Answer 8

T

Question 9

Causative agent of Blastomycosis

Answer 9

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 10

3 types of Blastomyces

Answer 10

Pulmonary
Cutaneous
Disseminated

Question 11

The following are other names for Blastomycosis except:

Valley Fever
Gilchrist disease
North American blastomycosis
Chicago disease

Answer 11

Valley Fever

Question 12

Blastomycosis can be diagnosed using (3)

Answer 12

○ KOH/Calcofluor white
○ Serological Test: Enzyme Immunoassay
○ Growth in 37°C on suitable media: broad–based, budding yeast cells

Question 13

In dimorphic fungi,

room temp : ________
37 C : ________

Answer 13

mycelia ; fungi

Question 14

Branching hyphae bearing spherical, ovoid, or pyriform conidia (3-5 um in diameter) on slender terminal or lateral conidiophores

Answer 14

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 15

Under microscopic exam, it appears to have broadly attached buds on thick-walled yeast cells (sputum, pus, exudates, urine)

Answer 15

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 16

Probably the most virulent of all human mycotic agents

Answer 16

Coccidioides spp.

Question 17

Coccidioides spp. reside in a narrow ecologic niche known as

Answer 17

Lower Sonoran life zone

Question 18

T or F: Lower Sonoran life zone provides a humid environment

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Asymptomatic pulmonary disease and allergic manifestations

Answer 19

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 20

Primary disease that usually resolves without therapy and confers a strong, specific immunity to reinfection

Answer 20

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 21

T or F: > 1% of people with coccidioidomycosis develop chronic progression

Answer 21

F

< 1%

Question 22

T or F: People with coccidioidomycosis develop influenza-like fever with allergic manifestations

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Barrel shaped spores

Answer 23

Arthrospores

Question 24

Coccidioides is diagnosed when there is the presence of _______ in tissue

Answer 24

spherules

Question 25

T or F: Hyphae form chains of arthroconidia (arthrospores), which often develop in alternate cells of a hypha fragment into individual arthroconidia

Answer 25

T

Question 26

After inhalation, arthroconidia forms into spherules that contain __________

Answer 26

endospores

Question 27

Other name for Coccidioidomycosis

Answer 27

Valley Fever

Question 28

Treatment for Valley Fever

Answer 28

Amphotericin B Itraconazole

Question 29

Causative agent of Histoplasmosis

Answer 29

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 30

Histoplasmosis is an intracellular infection of the ____________ system caused by inhalation of fungus

Answer 30

reticuloendothelial

Question 31

Present in soil, rotting areas, in feces of chicken, bats and other birds (High N2 content)

Answer 31

Histoplasmosis

Question 32

Histoplasmosis is common in _________ activities, hence it is also called _________ _________

Answer 32

Spelunking; Spelunker’s Disease

Question 33

Other names for Histoplasmosis

Answer 33

Darling's Disease Spelunker’s Disease

Question 34

Who was the first person who described Histoplasmosis?

Answer 34

Samuel Darling

Question 35

Who discussed Histoplasmosis?

Answer 35

Sir Jude

Question 36

T or F: Histoplasmosis is usually limited and asymptomatic

Answer 36

T

Question 37

T or F: Histoplasmosis can exist as Chronic Pulmonary Histoplasmosis in patients with COVID

Answer 37

F patients with COPD

Question 38

Histologically, it is seen as small oval yeast cells packed within macrophages

Answer 38

Histoplasmosis

Question 39

Under the microscope, it appears as hyaline, septate hyphae bearing microconidia and large, spherical macroconidia

Answer 39

Histoplasmosis

Question 40

Treatment of Histoplasmosis

Answer 40

Itraconazole

Question 41

Causative agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis

Answer 41

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 42

A chronic, progressive fungal disease endemic to Central and South America

Answer 42

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Question 43

T or F: Geographic areas with the highest incidence of Paracoccidioidomycosis are typically humid, high-rainfall areas with basic soil conditions.

Answer 43

F acidic soil conditions

Question 44

Usually unapparent and asymptomatic; Acute or chronic, granulomatous infection

Answer 44

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Question 45

Treatment of Paracoccidioidomycosis

Answer 45

Itraconazole Amphotericin B SXT Ketoconazole