Lec Module 7-8 Flashcards
to identify and solve community health problems
Monitor health status
health problems and health hazards in the community
Diagnose and investigate
people about health issues
Inform, educate, and empower
to identify and solve health problems
Mobilize community partnerships
that support individual and community health efforts
Develop policies and plans
that protect health and ensure safety
Enforce laws and regulations
and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable
Link people to needed personal health services
public and personal health care workforce
Assure a competent
effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
Evaluate
new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
Research
measures are applied to prevent the occurrence of a disease
Primary Prevention
where a disease or its complications are halted or averted at any point after the onset of disease.
Secondary Prevention
Goal: Stop disease from occurring before it happens
What level of disease prevention?
Primary Prevention
Focus: Education, knowledge, changing norms, providing preventive care, establishing access to resources to maintain a healthy lifestyle
What level of disease prevention?
Primary Prevention
Examples: Vaccination, health education, access to fruit/vegetables
What level of disease prevention?
Primary Prevention
Goal: Treat disease early (after disease has occurred but before the person may know anything is wrong)
What level of disease prevention?
Secondary Prevention
Focus: Routine screenings for diseases, early detection tests, self-exams, access to regular care, annual medical exam
What level of disease prevention?
Secondary Prevention
Examples: Breast self-exams, colonoscopies, STI testing among young adults, access to Plan B emergency contraceptive
What level of disease prevention?
Secondary Prevention
Goal: Seeks to lessen the impact of disease on patient function, longevity, and quality of life
What level of disease prevention?
Tertiary Prevention
Focus: Medical series, medication, treatment plans, holistic care and support through illness
What level of disease prevention?
Tertiary Prevention
Examples: Emergency response time, chemotherapy, pain relieving drugs, support groups for drug addicts
What level of disease prevention?
Tertiary Prevention
Key Concept: Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
What level of disease prevention?
Primary Prevention
Key Concept: Diagnosis and Cure
What level of disease prevention?
Secondary Prevention
Involves: Lifestyle changes to prevent disease such as starting a low cholesterol diet or joining a physical activity program
What level of disease prevention?
Secondary Prevention
Involves: Rehabilitation after a stroke, and comfort care for the terminally ill
What level of disease prevention?
Tertiary Prevention
“A patient diagnosed with chronic hypertension who needs to take regular “maintenance” or anti-hypertensive medication is categorized under what level of prevention?
Tertiary Prevention
the action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy.
Rehabilitation
refers to diseases that can be passed on or “infected” to another human being.
communicable disease
Once an infectious disease has been detected for even suspected, it should be notified to the local health authority, whose responsibility is to put into operation control measures including the provision of medical care to patients
Notification
The infection will rapidly spread to the community without early diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis with epidemiological support is sufficient enough to warrant treatment and appropriate control measures. Treatment is targeted to the reservoir or source of infection.
Early Diagnosis and Prompt Treatment
This must be started from the area of an epidemic outbreak to WHO within 24 hours. There is definite detail procedure for reporting with specific forms. There should be control measures for clinically showing patients.
Reporting
It is the separation of patient from other person for the communicable period of a particular disease. Separation should be done in such places and under such conditions as will prevent direct spread of infection from an infected person to the healthy persons
Isolation
It is the prohibition of movement of persons who have been exposed to communicable disease in order to prevent them from coming into contact with those not so exposed. Any members of the family are not allowed to move outside of their house, the whole village, a block of town or a sea vessel.
Quarantine
quarantine imposed on the infected house
Inner Quarantine
quarantine placed on the infected village or ward
Outer Quarantine
Killing of infectious agents outside the body by means of physical or chemical disinfectants
Disinfection
Application of disinfective measures as soon as possible after the discharge of infection material from the body of an infectious person. Consists of disinfection of urine, feces, vomit, clothes, hands, and gloves.
Concurrent Disinfection -
Application of disinfective measures after the patient has died or has ceased to be a source of infection.
Terminal Disinfection
It is used to destroy or remove undesired small animal forms arthropods or rodents present upon the person, the clothing, in the environment, or domestic animals by using Insecticides, Rodenticides, Larvicides, Repellants and Gassing.
Disinfestation
It is used to prevent disease by giving immunizing agents. Its main goal is to produce herd immunity to the risk population
Immunoprophylaxis
Administration of prepared antibodies.
Passive Immunization
Administration of antigen in the forms of vaccines and toxoids .
Active Immunization
To prevent from the development of an infection or the progressive of an infection to actively manifest disease, some drugs can be administered
Chemoprophylaxis
The essential duty of every health workers is to educate the community about disease causation, clinical features, mode of transmission, prevention, importance of notification, immunization, personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, etc.
Health
basic science of preventive and social medicine. It is the scientific discipline of public health to study diseases in the community to acquire knowledge for the health care of the society.
Epidemiology
person who are infectious but with subclinical disease.
carrier
time of disease initiation
Induction
time of symptoms
Incubation
time of detection in non communicable and infectiousness in
Communicable.
Latency
disease that occurs infrequently or irregularly
Sporadic
constant presence or usual prevalence of disease within an area
Endemic
persistent high levels of disease occurrence
Hyperendemic
sudden increase in number of cases of disease in the population
Epidemic
same as epidemic but within more limited area
Outbreak
epidemic that spread over several countries or continents
Pandemic
migration of people from a rural area to an urban area
Urbanization
Advantages of Urbanization
Easier access to healthcare
Improved education system
Easier access to technology
Large numbers of people leads to more taxes for infrastructure development
Less land is consumed in rural areas
Disadvantages of Urbanization
Higher impact on land, air and water pollution
Large wealth gap between the rich and poor population
Increase in waste generated
Easier spread of disease due to congestion of areas
Increase in crime rate
contributes to respiratory problems such as asthma, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and other lung ailments.
Air Pollution
Major source of air pollution
burning of fossil fuels
common sources of air pollution
Vehicle and factory emissions
what contributes to acid rain
Nitrogen and sulfur oxides
major source of water pollution
runoff from agricultural fields, industrial sites, or urban areas
an explosive growth of algae
algal blooms
diseases that you can get from water pollution
typhoid or dysentery
sources of soil pollution
industrial sources or the improper disposal of toxic chemical substances
asbestos, lead, PCBs, and overuse of pesticides/herbicides.
refers to the large amount of light produced by most urban and other heavily-populated areas.
Light pollution
refers to human-made noises that are either very loud or disruptive in manner
Noise pollution
Proper Disposal of Waste
Prevent and reduce food waste at source
Donate surplus food for human consumption
Recycle to recover energy and nutrients
Waste-to-energy treatment of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) or garbage
Clean landfilling
locations where disposable materials are sent, which are then buried underground
Landfills
