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Biostat > Lec Module 7-8 > Flashcards

Lec Module 7-8 Flashcards

1
Q

to identify and solve community health problems

A

Monitor health status

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2
Q

health problems and health hazards in the community

A

Diagnose and investigate

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3
Q

people about health issues

A

Inform, educate, and empower

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4
Q

to identify and solve health problems

A

Mobilize community partnerships

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5
Q

that support individual and community health efforts

A

Develop policies and plans

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6
Q

that protect health and ensure safety

A

Enforce laws and regulations

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7
Q

and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable

A

Link people to needed personal health services

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8
Q

public and personal health care workforce

A

Assure a competent

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9
Q

effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services

A

Evaluate

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10
Q

new insights and innovative solutions to health problems

A

Research

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11
Q

measures are applied to prevent the occurrence of a disease

A

Primary Prevention

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12
Q

where a disease or its complications are halted or averted at any point after the onset of disease.

A

Secondary Prevention

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13
Q

Goal: Stop disease from occurring before it happens

What level of disease prevention?

A

Primary Prevention

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14
Q

Focus: Education, knowledge, changing norms, providing preventive care, establishing access to resources to maintain a healthy lifestyle

What level of disease prevention?

A

Primary Prevention

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15
Q

Examples: Vaccination, health education, access to fruit/vegetables

What level of disease prevention?

A

Primary Prevention

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16
Q

Goal: Treat disease early (after disease has occurred but before the person may know anything is wrong)

What level of disease prevention?

A

Secondary Prevention

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17
Q

Focus: Routine screenings for diseases, early detection tests, self-exams, access to regular care, annual medical exam

What level of disease prevention?

A

Secondary Prevention

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18
Q

Examples: Breast self-exams, colonoscopies, STI testing among young adults, access to Plan B emergency contraceptive

What level of disease prevention?

A

Secondary Prevention

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19
Q

Goal: Seeks to lessen the impact of disease on patient function, longevity, and quality of life

What level of disease prevention?

A

Tertiary Prevention

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20
Q

Focus: Medical series, medication, treatment plans, holistic care and support through illness

What level of disease prevention?

A

Tertiary Prevention

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21
Q

Examples: Emergency response time, chemotherapy, pain relieving drugs, support groups for drug addicts

What level of disease prevention?

A

Tertiary Prevention

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22
Q

Key Concept: Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

What level of disease prevention?

A

Primary Prevention

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23
Q

Key Concept: Diagnosis and Cure

What level of disease prevention?

A

Secondary Prevention

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24
Q

Involves: Lifestyle changes to prevent disease such as starting a low cholesterol diet or joining a physical activity program

What level of disease prevention?

A

Secondary Prevention

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25
Q

Involves: Rehabilitation after a stroke, and comfort care for the terminally ill

What level of disease prevention?

A

Tertiary Prevention

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26
Q

“A patient diagnosed with chronic hypertension who needs to take regular “maintenance” or anti-hypertensive medication is categorized under what level of prevention?

A

Tertiary Prevention

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27
Q

the action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy.

A

Rehabilitation

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28
Q

refers to diseases that can be passed on or “infected” to another human being.

A

communicable disease

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29
Q

Once an infectious disease has been detected for even suspected, it should be notified to the local health authority, whose responsibility is to put into operation control measures including the provision of medical care to patients

A

Notification

30
Q

The infection will rapidly spread to the community without early diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis with epidemiological support is sufficient enough to warrant treatment and appropriate control measures. Treatment is targeted to the reservoir or source of infection.

A

Early Diagnosis and Prompt Treatment

31
Q

This must be started from the area of an epidemic outbreak to WHO within 24 hours. There is definite detail procedure for reporting with specific forms. There should be control measures for clinically showing patients.

A

Reporting

32
Q

It is the separation of patient from other person for the communicable period of a particular disease. Separation should be done in such places and under such conditions as will prevent direct spread of infection from an infected person to the healthy persons

A

Isolation

33
Q

It is the prohibition of movement of persons who have been exposed to communicable disease in order to prevent them from coming into contact with those not so exposed. Any members of the family are not allowed to move outside of their house, the whole village, a block of town or a sea vessel.

A

Quarantine

34
Q

quarantine imposed on the infected house

A

Inner Quarantine

35
Q

quarantine placed on the infected village or ward

A

Outer Quarantine

36
Q

Killing of infectious agents outside the body by means of physical or chemical disinfectants

A

Disinfection

37
Q

Application of disinfective measures as soon as possible after the discharge of infection material from the body of an infectious person. Consists of disinfection of urine, feces, vomit, clothes, hands, and gloves.

A

Concurrent Disinfection -

38
Q

Application of disinfective measures after the patient has died or has ceased to be a source of infection.

A

Terminal Disinfection

39
Q

It is used to destroy or remove undesired small animal forms arthropods or rodents present upon the person, the clothing, in the environment, or domestic animals by using Insecticides, Rodenticides, Larvicides, Repellants and Gassing.

A

Disinfestation

40
Q

It is used to prevent disease by giving immunizing agents. Its main goal is to produce herd immunity to the risk population

A

Immunoprophylaxis

41
Q

Administration of prepared antibodies.

A

Passive Immunization

42
Q

Administration of antigen in the forms of vaccines and toxoids .

A

Active Immunization

43
Q

To prevent from the development of an infection or the progressive of an infection to actively manifest disease, some drugs can be administered

A

Chemoprophylaxis

44
Q

The essential duty of every health workers is to educate the community about disease causation, clinical features, mode of transmission, prevention, importance of notification, immunization, personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, etc.

A

Health

45
Q

basic science of preventive and social medicine. It is the scientific discipline of public health to study diseases in the community to acquire knowledge for the health care of the society.

A

Epidemiology

46
Q

person who are infectious but with subclinical disease.

A

carrier

47
Q

time of disease initiation

A

Induction

48
Q

time of symptoms

A

Incubation

49
Q

time of detection in non communicable and infectiousness in
Communicable.

A

Latency

50
Q

disease that occurs infrequently or irregularly

A

Sporadic

51
Q

constant presence or usual prevalence of disease within an area

A

Endemic

52
Q

persistent high levels of disease occurrence

A

Hyperendemic

53
Q

sudden increase in number of cases of disease in the population

A

Epidemic

54
Q

same as epidemic but within more limited area

A

Outbreak

55
Q

epidemic that spread over several countries or continents

A

Pandemic

56
Q

migration of people from a rural area to an urban area

A

Urbanization

57
Q

Advantages of Urbanization

A

Easier access to healthcare
Improved education system
Easier access to technology
Large numbers of people leads to more taxes for infrastructure development
Less land is consumed in rural areas

58
Q

Disadvantages of Urbanization

A

Higher impact on land, air and water pollution
Large wealth gap between the rich and poor population
Increase in waste generated
Easier spread of disease due to congestion of areas
Increase in crime rate

59
Q

contributes to respiratory problems such as asthma, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and other lung ailments.

A

Air Pollution

60
Q

Major source of air pollution

A

burning of fossil fuels

61
Q

common sources of air pollution

A

Vehicle and factory emissions

62
Q

what contributes to acid rain

A

Nitrogen and sulfur oxides

63
Q

major source of water pollution

A

runoff from agricultural fields, industrial sites, or urban areas

64
Q

an explosive growth of algae

A

algal blooms

65
Q

diseases that you can get from water pollution

A

typhoid or dysentery

66
Q

sources of soil pollution

A

industrial sources or the improper disposal of toxic chemical substances

asbestos, lead, PCBs, and overuse of pesticides/herbicides.

67
Q

refers to the large amount of light produced by most urban and other heavily-populated areas.

A

Light pollution

68
Q

refers to human-made noises that are either very loud or disruptive in manner

A

Noise pollution

69
Q

Proper Disposal of Waste

A

Prevent and reduce food waste at source
Donate surplus food for human consumption
Recycle to recover energy and nutrients
Waste-to-energy treatment of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) or garbage
Clean landfilling

70
Q

locations where disposable materials are sent, which are then buried underground

A

Landfills

Biostat (5 decks)

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