[LEC] LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO URINALYSIS

Question 1

• 5th century BC wrote a book on “uroscopy”

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

• uroscopy has been a part of the physician’s training

Answer 2

Middle ages

Question 3

• color charts had been developed that described the significance of 20 different colors.

Answer 3

1140 AD

Question 4

• discovery of albuminuria by boiling urine

Answer 4

Fredrik Dekkers (1694)

Question 5

• published a book about the credibility of urinalysis that inspired the passing of the first medical licensure laws in England.

Answer 5

Thomas Bryant (1627)

Question 6

• Addis count was developed
• quantitation of microscopic sediments

Answer 6

Thomas Addis (17th Century)

Question 7

Richard Bright (1827)

Answer 7

introduced the concept of urinalysis as a part of routine patient examination.

Question 8

 Aqueous solution of various organic and inorganic substances

Answer 8

Urine

Question 9

 Substance may be either waste products resulting from body metabolism or products derived directly from the food eaten resulting from metabolism.

Answer 9

Urine

Question 10

 (?) water and (?) solids

Answer 10

95%
5%

Question 11

1. It is readily available and (?).

Answer 11

easily collected

Question 12

2. Contains information about the body’s major (?) functions

Answer 12

metabolic

Question 13

3. (?) laboratory testing can be performed.

Answer 13

Inexpensive

Question 14

4. It is most useful in ascertaining (?) of disease or disturbing function of the kidneys

Answer 14

evidence

Question 15

5. Pathological lesion of the (?)

Answer 15

ureters, bladder or urethra

Question 16

6. In male, lesion of the (?).

Answer 16

prostate and seminal vesicles

Question 17

60 to 90% of nitrogenous material derived from metabolism of amino acids into ammonia

Answer 17

Urea

Question 18

Derived from creatine, nitrogenous substance in muscle tissue

Answer 18

Creatinine

Question 19

Common component of kidney stones, derived from catabolism of nucleic acid in food and cell destruction

Answer 19

Uric acid

Question 20

Elimination form of a benzoic acid furic acid

Answer 20

Hippuric acid

Question 21

Increases with high vegetable diets

Answer 21

Hippuric acid

Question 22

Carbohydrates, pigments, fatty acids, mucin, enzymes, hormones (depends on diet and health)

Answer 22

Other substances

Question 23

Urea in g

Answer 23

25 to 35

Question 24

Creatinine in g

Answer 24

1.5

Question 25

Uric acid in g

Answer 25

0.4 to 1

Question 26

Hippuric acid in g

Answer 26

0.7

Question 27

Other substances in g

Answer 27

2.9

Question 28

Organic components

Answer 28

Urea Creatinine Uric acid Hippuric acid Other substances

Question 29

Inorganic components

Answer 29

Sodium chloride Potassium Sulfate Phosphate Ammonium Magnesium Calcium

Question 30

Principal salt (varies with intake)

Answer 30

Sodium chloride

Question 31

Occurs as chloride, sulfate, and phosphate salts

Answer 31

Potassium Magnesium Calcium

Question 32

Derived from amino acids

Answer 32

Sulfate

Question 33

Occurs as sodium compounds that serve as buffers in the blood

Answer 33

Phosphate

Question 34

Derived from protein metabolism and glutamine in kidneys (varies depending on blood and tissue fluid acidity)

Answer 34

Ammonium