[LAB] ACTIVITY 4: ROUTINE URINALYSIS: CHEMICAL EXAMINATION

Question 1

pH PRINCIPLE

Answer 1

Double-indicator system

Question 2

pH REAGENTS

Answer 2

Methyl red, bromthymol blue

Question 3

Protein REAGENTS

Answer 3

Multistix: tetrabromphenol blue

Chemstrip: 3’,3”,5’,5”-tertachlorophenol 3,4,5,6-tetrabromsulfonphthalein

Question 4

Protein PRINCIPLE

Answer 4

Protein error of indicators

Question 5

Glucose PRINCIPLE

Answer 5

Double sequential
enzyme reaction

Question 6

Glucose REAGENTS

Answer 6

Multistix: glucose oxidase,
peroxidase, potassium iodide
Chemstrip: glucose oxidase,
peroxidase, tetramethylbenzidine

Question 7

Ketones PRINCIPLE

Answer 7

Sodium
nitroprusside
reaction

Question 8

Ketones REAGENTS

Answer 8

Sodium nitroprusside, glycine
(Chemstrip)

Question 9

Blood PRINCIPLE

Answer 9

Pseudoperoxidase
activity of Hb

Question 10

Blood REAGENTS

Answer 10

Mulstix: diisopropylbenzene
dehydroperoxide
tetramethylbenzidine

Chemstrip:
dimethyldihydroperoxyhexane
tetramethylbenzidine

Question 11

Bilirubin PRINCIPLE

Answer 11

Diazo reactions

Question 12

Bilirubin REAGENTS

Answer 12

Multistix: 2,4-dichloroaniline
diazonium salt
Chemstrip: 2,6-dichlorobenzene
diazonium salt

Question 13

Urobilinogen PRINCIPLE

Answer 13

Multistix:
Ehrlich’s aldehyde
reaction
Chemstrip: diazo
reaction

Question 14

Urobilinogen REAGENTS

Answer 14

Multistix: p-
dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
Chemstrip: 4-methoxybenzene-
diazonium-tetrafluoroborate

Question 15

Nitrite PRINCIPLE

Answer 15

Greiss reaction

Question 16

Nitrite REAGENTS

Answer 16

Multistix: p-arsamilic acid,
tetrahydrobenzo(h)-quinolin-3-ol
Chemstrip: sulfanilamide,
hydroxytetrahydro benzoquinoline

Question 17

Leukocyte esterase PRINCIPLE

Answer 17

Acid ester
hydrolysis

Question 18

Leukocyte esterase REAGENTS

Answer 18

Multistix: derivatized pyrrole amino
acid ester
Diazonium salt
Chemstrip: indocylcarbonic acid
ester
Diazonium salt

Question 19

Specific Gravity PRINCIPLE

Answer 19

Change in pKa of
a polyelectrolyte

Question 20

Specific Gravity REAGENTS

Answer 20

Multistix: poly (methyl vinyl
ether/maleic anhydride)
Bromthymol blue
Chemstrip:
ethyleneglycoldiaminoethylethertetr
aacetic acid
Bromthymol blue

Question 21

*no known interfering substances

Answer 21

pH

Question 22

Runover from adjacent pads Old specimens

Answer 22

pH

Question 23

False (+):
Highly buffered alkaline
urine
Pigmented specimens
Phenazopyridine
Quaternary ammonium
compounds (detergents)
Antiseptics (chlorhexidine)
Loss of buffer
High specific gravity

Answer 23

Protein

Question 24

False (-):
Proteins other than
albumin
Microalbuminuria

Answer 24

Protein

Question 25

False (+): Contamination by oxidizing agents and detergents

Answer 25

Glucose

Question 26

False (-): High levels of ascorbic acid High levels of ketones High specific gravity Improperly preserved specimens

Answer 26

Glucose

Question 27

False (+): Phthalein dyes Highly pigmented red urine Levodopa Medications containing free sulfhydryl groups

Answer 27

Ketones

Question 28

False (-): Improperly preserved specimens

Answer 28

Ketones

Question 29

False (+): Strong oxidizing agents Bacterial peroxidases Menstrual contamination

Answer 29

Blood

Question 30

False (-): High specific gravity/crenated cells Formalin Captopril High concentrations of nitrite Ascorbic acid (>25mg/dL) Unmixed specimens

Answer 30

Blood

Question 31

False (+): Highly pigmented urine Phenazopyridine Indicant Metabolites of Lodine

Answer 31

Bilirubin

Question 32

False (-): Specimen exposure to light Ascorbic acid (>25mg/dL) High concentrations of nitrite

Answer 32

Bilirubin

Question 33

False (+): Porphobilinogen Indican p-aminosalicylic acid Sulfonamides Methyldopa Procaine Chloropromazine Highly-pigmented urine

Answer 33

Urobilinogen

Question 34

False (-): Old specimens Formalin Chemstrip

Answer 34

Urobilinogen

Question 35

False (+): Highly pigmented urine

Answer 35

Urobilinogen

Question 36

False (-): Old specimens Formalin High concentrations of nitrate

Answer 36

Urobilinogen

Question 37

False (-): Nonreductase-containing bacteria Insufficient bladder incubation Lack of urinary nitrate Large quantities of bacteria converting nitrite to nitrogen Presence of antibiotics High concentrations of ascorbic acid High specific gravity

Answer 37

Nitrite

Question 38

False (+): Improperly preserved specimens Highly pigmented urine

Answer 38

Nitrite

Question 39

False (+): Strong oxidizing agents Formalin Highly pigmented urine Nitrofurantoin

Answer 39

Leukocyte esterase

Question 40

False (-): High concentrations of protein, glucose, oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, gentamicin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines Inaccurate timing

Answer 40

Leukocyte esterase

Question 41

False (+): High concentrations of protein

Answer 41

Specific Gravity

Question 42

False (-): Highly alkaline urine (>6.5)

Answer 42

Specific Gravity