[LAB] ACTIVITY 3: ROUTINE URINALYSIS: PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Flashcards
Routine urinalysis is accomplished by performing three general
procedures:
(1) physical examination, (2) chemical examination and (3)microscopic examination.
Prior to routine urinalysis, the sample has to be [?]first for its acceptability.
evaluated
Physical examination involves the evaluation of urine [?].
color, clarity, odor and specific gravity
[?] of a specimen is examined under a good light source, looking down through the container against a white background.
Urine color
Normal color of urine include [?].
straw, pale yellow, light yellow, yellow, dark yellow, orange and amber
The color of urine is a rough indication of its [?].
degree of concentration
Variations in color may be observed in certain [?], and may also be associated with the intake of certain [?].
pathologic and physiologic processes
medications
of a sample is examined in a clear container while holding it in front of a light source.
Urine clarity
The normal clarity of urine is [?].
clear
Various degrees of turbidity may be observed and reported as [?].
hazy, cloudy, turbid, or milky
There are several nonpathologic causes of urine turbidity such as the presence of [?], contamination with [?], use of [?], [?]powder and even [?] contamination.
squamous epithelial cells
semen
radiographic contrast media
talcum
fecal
There are several nonpathologic causes of urine turbidity such as the presence of [?], contamination with [?], use of [?], [?]powder and even [?] contamination.
squamous epithelial cells
semen
radiographic contrast media
talcum
fecal
Pathologic causes of turbidity include the presence of [?], [?], abnormal amounts of [?], [?], [?] and even [?].
RBCs
WBCs
nonsquamous epithelial cells
abnormal crystals
lymph fluid
lipids
[?], although it is not routinely evaluated, may also help in the diagnosis of certain conditions especially of some inborn errors of metabolism.
Urine odor
The normal odor of urine is [?].
aromatic
Examples of diseases associated with urine odor include lack of odor in [?], foul odor in [?], mousy odor in [?], rancid odor in [?] and sulfur odor in [?] disorder.
acute tubular necrosis
UTI
PKU
tyrosinemia
cystine
The last physical characteristic is [?]. This characteristic measures the amount of solute present in urine which is correlated to the degree of concentration.
specific gravity
Methods utilized in measuring specific gravity include the use of [?].
urinometer, harmonic oscillation densitometry, refractometer and reagent strip
Among these, the use of [?] is the routinely used method because of its convenience.
reagent strip
