LEC Chapter 3: Cellular Level

Question 1

3 parts of the cell?

Answer 1

plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 2

lipid bilayer is made up of what?

Answer 2

1. 75% phospholipids (phosphate head:hydrophilic, fatty acid tails:hydrophobic)
2. 20% cholesterol
3. 5% gylcolipids

Question 3

integral protein?

Answer 3

exposed to both sides of the membrane, used to transport molecules

Question 4

peripheral protein?

Answer 4

located on the surface of the membrane

Question 5

concentration gradient?

Answer 5

the difference in the concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane and the other

Question 6

2 types of passive transport?

Answer 6

diffusion and filtration

Question 7

diffusion?

Answer 7

random mixing of particles that occurs in a solution

Question 8

tonicity?

Answer 8

ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of a cell by altering its internal water volume

Question 9

isotonic solution?

Answer 9

same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes as normal body cells.

Question 10

hypotonic solution?

Answer 10

lower concentration of nonpenetrating solutes (-)

Question 11

hypertonic solution?

Answer 11

a higher concentration on nonpenetrating solutes (+)

Question 12

active transport?

Answer 12

substance moves against its concentration gradient, requires a carrier molecule

Question 13

primary active transport?

Answer 13

requires direct ATP to drive a sodium-potassium pump

Question 14

secondary active transport?

Answer 14

driven by a concentration gradient of ions established by primary active transport

Question 15

antiporter?

Answer 15

one molecule goes in, one goes out

Question 16

symporter?

Answer 16

both molecules go in

Question 17

microtubules?

Answer 17

help determine cell shape, intracellular transport of organelles

Question 18

ribosomes?

Answer 18

site of protein synthesis

Question 19

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Answer 19

Consists of series of parallel, interconnected cisterns—flattened membranous tubes that enclose fluid-filled interiors

Question 20

golgi apparatus

Answer 20

Modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids received from rough ER

Question 21

lysosomes?

Answer 21

isolate potentially harmful intracellular digestion from rest of cell

Question 22

mitochondria?

Answer 22

produces most of the calls enery

Question 23

peroxisomes?

Answer 23

contains enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize organic substances

Question 24

proteasomes?

Answer 24

structures that destroy unneeded, damaged or faulty proteins

Question 25

benign?

Answer 25

tumor does not grow or spread

Question 26

malignant?

Answer 26

tumor spreads due to cells that detach and enter the blood or lymph

Question 27

carcinomas?

Answer 27

arise from epithelial cells

Question 28

melanomas?

Answer 28

cancerous growths of melanocytes

Question 29

sarcomas?

Answer 29

arise from muscle cells or connective tissue

Question 30

leukemia?

Answer 30

cancer of blood forming organs

Question 31

lymphoma?

Answer 31

cancer of lymphatic tissue