LEC Chapter 3: Cellular Level Flashcards
3 parts of the cell?
plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus
lipid bilayer is made up of what?
- 75% phospholipids (phosphate head:hydrophilic, fatty acid tails:hydrophobic)
- 20% cholesterol
- 5% gylcolipids
integral protein?
exposed to both sides of the membrane, used to transport molecules
peripheral protein?
located on the surface of the membrane
concentration gradient?
the difference in the concentration of a chemical between one side of the plasma membrane and the other
2 types of passive transport?
diffusion and filtration
diffusion?
random mixing of particles that occurs in a solution
tonicity?
ability of a solution to change the shape or tone of a cell by altering its internal water volume
isotonic solution?
same concentration of nonpenetrating solutes as normal body cells.
hypotonic solution?
lower concentration of nonpenetrating solutes (-)
hypertonic solution?
a higher concentration on nonpenetrating solutes (+)
active transport?
substance moves against its concentration gradient, requires a carrier molecule
primary active transport?
requires direct ATP to drive a sodium-potassium pump
secondary active transport?
driven by a concentration gradient of ions established by primary active transport
antiporter?
one molecule goes in, one goes out
symporter?
both molecules go in
microtubules?
help determine cell shape, intracellular transport of organelles
ribosomes?
site of protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Consists of series of parallel, interconnected cisterns—flattened membranous tubes that enclose fluid-filled interiors
golgi apparatus
Modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids received from rough ER
lysosomes?
isolate potentially harmful intracellular digestion from rest of cell
mitochondria?
produces most of the calls enery
peroxisomes?
contains enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize organic substances
proteasomes?
structures that destroy unneeded, damaged or faulty proteins
