LEC Chapter 2-Chemistry Flashcards
3 types of subatomic particles?
- proton
- neutron
- electron
which subatomic particle surrounds the nucleus as a cloud?
electron
ion?
an atom that gained or gave up an electron
molecule?
group of atoms sharing electrons
compound?
molecule that has 2 or more different atoms bonded together
free radical?
electrically charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell
chemical bond?
energy relationship between electrons of reacting atoms
3 major types of chemical bonds?
Ionic, covalent, hydrogen
outermost electron shell is called?
valence shell
ionic bond?
the transfer of valence shell electrons from one atom to another
covalent bond?
are formed by sharing of two or more valence shell electrons between two atoms
hydrogen bond?
Attractive force between electropositive hydrogen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule
hydrolysis?
breaks large molecules down into simpler ones by adding a molecule of water.
dehydration?
occurs when two simple molecules join together, eliminating a molecule of water in the process.
substances that dissolve in water are?
hydrophilic
substances that dont dissolve in water are?
hydrophobic
pH of 7?
pH above 7?
pH below 7?
pH 7= neutral
pH above 7= alkaline
pH below 7= acidic
3 main types of chemical reactions?
- synthesis
- decomposition
- exchange
synthesis reaction?
smaller molecules bond to form larger complex molecules
decomposition reaction?
large bonds are broken down into smaller less complex molecules
exchange reaction?
bonds are both made and broken
