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IMMUNOSEROLOGY > [LEC] Antigens and Antibodies > Flashcards

[LEC] Antigens and Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

ABILITY OF THE ANTIGEN TO REACT SPECIFICALLY WITH THE ANTIBODIES OR CELLS IT PROVOKED

A

SPECIFIC REACTIVITY

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2
Q

TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIGENS

A

SPECIFIC REACTIVITY
IMMUNOGENICITY

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3
Q

SUBSTANCE WITH THE ABILITY TO COMBINE WITH AN ANTIBODY

A

ANTIGEN

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4
Q

ABILITY TO PROVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

IMMUNOGENICITY

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5
Q

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPECIFIC REACTIVITY AND IMMUNOGENICITY

A

SPECIFIC REACTIVITY IS THE REACTION TO THE OUTCOME OF THE RESPONSE
IMMUNOGENICITY IS THE PROVOKING OF THE RESPONSE

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6
Q

SUBSTANCE THAT IS ABLE TO INDUCE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

IMMUNOGEN

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7
Q

SMALL MOLECULES THAT CAN BIND TO A LARGER CARRIER MOLECULE AND BEHAVE AS AN ANTIGEN

A

HAPTEN

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8
Q

WHAT SHOULD A HAPTEN DO TO BE ABLE TO EVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

BIND WITH A SCHLEPPER OR CARRIER MOLECULE

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9
Q

TYPES OF HAPTENS

A

SIMPLE OR NONPRECIPITATING
COMPLEX OR PRECIPITATING

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10
Q

DIFFERENCE OF A SIMPLE AND COMPLEX HAPTEN

A

SIMPLE CAN COMBINE WITH AB, CANNOT PRECIPITATE
COMPLEX CAN COMBINE WITH AB, CAN PRODUCE PRECIPITATES

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11
Q

LARGER MOLECULES ATTACHED TO HAPTENS

A

SCHLEPPER MOLECULES

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12
Q

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A HAPTEN BINDS WITH A SCHLEPPER MOLECULE

A

CAN IVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

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13
Q

OTHER TERM FOR HAPTEN

A

INCOMPLETE ANTIGEN

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14
Q

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A COMPLETE AND INCOMPLETE ANTIGE

A

THEIR ABILITY TO STIMULATE AN AB RESPONSE BY THEMSELVES

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15
Q

EXAMPLES OF COMPLETE ANTIGENS

A

BACTERIAL CELLS AND PROTEINS

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16
Q

PART OF THE ANTIGEN THAT IS PROTEIN IN NATURE

A

CARRIER

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17
Q

PART OF AN ANTIGEN THAT IS NOT PROTEIN IN NATURE

A

HAPTEN

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18
Q

WILL A MOLECULE THAT IS LESS THAN 5,000 D EVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

NO

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19
Q

DO ANTIGENS HAVE MULTIPLE EPITOPES

A

YES

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20
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING IMMUNOGENICITY

A

FOREIGNNESS
SIZE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND COMPLEXITY
ROUTE, DOSAGE, AND TIMING
DEGRADABILITY

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21
Q

SAME INDIVIDUAL
SAME SPECIES

A

AUTOLOGOUS ANTIGEN
AUTOANTIGEN

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22
Q

ANTIGENS THAT DON’T USUALLY COME IN CONTACT WITH ANTIBODIES BUT ARE PRESENT WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL

A

SEQUESTERED ANTIGENS

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23
Q

ANTIGEN THAT IS UNIQUE TO CERTAIN ORGANS

A

TISSUE SPECIFIC ANTIGENS

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24
Q

ANTIGENS FOUND IN INDIVIDUALS OF AN INBRED STRAIN WHO ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL

A

SYNGENEIC ANTIGEN

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25
Q

SAME SPECIES
DIFFERENT INDIVIDUAL

A

ALLOGENEIC
HOMOLOGOUS ANTIGEN
ALLOANTIGEN

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26
Q

DIFFERENT SPECIES
DIFFERENT INDIVIDUAL

A

XENOGENEIC
HETEROLOGOUS ANTIGEN
HERTEROANTIGEN

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27
Q

ANTIGENS THAT OCCUR IN DIFFERENT SPECIES AND HAS PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF SOME INFECTIONS

A

HETEROPHILE ANTIGENS
HETEROGENEIC ANTIGENS

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28
Q

MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF A POTENTIAL ANTIGEN

A

MW > 10,000 DALTONS

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29
Q

MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF A GOOD IMMUNOGEN

A

MW = 40,000 DALTONS

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30
Q

MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF AN EXCELLENT IMMUNOGEN

A

MW >1,000,000 DALTONS

31
Q

REASON WHY PROTEINS ARE THE IMMUNOGENS

A

MORE STRUCTURALLY COMPLEX
HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT

32
Q

MOST TO LEAST COMPLEX MOLECULES

A

PROTEINS > POLYSACCHARIDES > LIPIDS > NUCLEIC ACIDS

33
Q

MOLECULE THAT IS NOT IMMUNODOMINANT

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

34
Q

SECOND BEST IMMUNOGENIC MOLECULE

A

POLYSACCHARIDES

35
Q

WHY ARENT POLYSACCHARIDES BETTER THAN PROTEINS AT BEING IMMUNOGENIC

A

MOLECULE IS NOT IN CONTACT LONG ENOUGH TO INDUCE A REACTION
SUSCEPTIBLE TO RAPID DEGRADATION
WEAK AND PARTIAL

36
Q

MOST EFFECTIVE ROUTES FOR ANTIGENS

A

INTRAEDRMAL
INTRAVENOUS

37
Q

SHOULD AN ANTIGEN BE INSOLUBLE OR SOLUBLE FOR IT TO BE EFFECTIVE

38
Q

SPECIALIZED ANTIGENS THAT MISGUIDE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

A

SUPERANTIGENS

39
Q

MECHANISM OF SUPERANTIGENS

A

SKIP THE ANTIGEN PROCESSING PROCESS AND STIMULATE NONSPECIFIC T CELL ACTIVATION

MASS ACTIVATION OF T CELLS INCREASES INFLAMMATORY INTERLEUKINS

40
Q

WHAT IS AN AUTOGRAFT

A

GRAFT TRANSFERRED FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER IN THE SAME INDIVIDUAL

41
Q

WHAT IS A SYNGRAFT

A

GRAFT TRANSPLANTED BETWEEN DIFFERENT BUT IDENTICAL RECIPIENT AND DONOR

42
Q

WHAT IS AN ALLOGRAFT O HOMOGRAFT

A

GRAFT BETWEEN GENETICALLY DIFFERENT RECIPIENT AND DONORS OF THE SAME SPECIES

43
Q

WHAT IS A XENOGRAFT

A

GRAFT BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES

44
Q

WHAT ARE OPSONINS

A

MOLECULES THAT ENHANCE PHAGOCYTOSIS

45
Q

ADJUVANTS FOR T AND B CELLS

A

SYNTHETIC MURAMYL DIPEPTIDE

46
Q

ADJUVANT FOR PHAGOCYTES

A

ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE IN ABSORBED ANTIGENS

47
Q

ADJUVANTS FOR THE HIV VACCINE

A

SQUALENE; MF59

48
Q

SUBSTANCES ADMINISTERD WITH AN IMMUNOGEN TO INCREASE THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

49
Q

CELLS THAT ADJUVANTS TARGET

A

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS

50
Q

MECHANISM OF ADJUVANTS

A

PROTECT IMMUNOGENS FROM DEGRADATION

ALLOW A LONGER RESPONSE TIME

ATTRACTION OF A LARGER AMOUNT OF IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS AT THE INJECTION SITE

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
ADJUVANTS INCREASE THE NEED FOR BOOSTER IMMUNIZATIONS

A

FALSE
DECREASE THE NEED BECAUSE IT INCREASES IMMUNE RESPONSE FACTORS

52
Q

TRUE OR FLASE
ALL TYPES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS ARE FOUND IN THE GAMMA REGION

53
Q

THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES

A

NEUTRALIZATION
OPSONIZATION
CELL DESTRUCTION

54
Q

DESCRIBE THE NEUTRALIZATION MECHANISM OF ANTIBODIES

A

THEY INACTIVATE CERTAIN SUBSTANCES TO PREVENT THEM FROM BINDING TO THEIR TARGET CELLS

55
Q

DESCRIBE THE OPSONIZATION MECHANISM OF ANTIBODIES

A

THEY COAT PATHOGENS WITH PROTEINS TO ENHANCE THE ENGULFMENT PROCESS

56
Q

EXAMPLE OF EXTRAVASCULAR CELL DESTRUCTION MECHANISMS

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

57
Q

EXAMPLE OF INTRAVASCULAR CLEARANCE MECHANISMS

A

COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION

58
Q

GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES

A

NEUTRALIZE TOXIC SUBSTANCES
FACILITATE PHAGOCYTOSIS
COMBINE WITH ANTIGENS OF CELLULAR SURFACES

59
Q

SUBSTANCE PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO ANTIGENIC STIMULATION THAT IS CAPABLE OF SPECIFIC INTERACTION WITH THE IMMUNOGEN

A

ANTIBODIES

60
Q

WHAT FEATURES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOCK-AND-KEY RELATIONSHIP OF AG AND AB BINDING

A

SPATIAL ORIENTATION
CHEMICAL COMPLEMENTARITY

61
Q

DETERMINANT SITE OF AN IMMUNOGEN

62
Q

CELLS THAT RECOGNIZE EPITOPES

A

B OR T CELLS

63
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
A SMALL AMOUNT OF AN IMMUNOGEN IS SUFFICIENT ENOUGH TO INVOKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

64
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO A LYMPHOCYTE THAT REACTS WITH SELF ANTIGENS

A

ELIMINATED
Under normal conditions

65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
THE MORE DIFFERENT THE IMMUNOGEN IS FROM THE HOST, THE LESSER THE STIMULUS

A

FALSE
GREATER STIMULUS

66
Q

ARE REPEATING UNITS WITH NO BENDING OR FOLDING IN THE MOLECULE GOOD IMMUNOGENS

A

NO
THEY ARE NONIMMUNOGENIC

67
Q

AMINO ACIDS FOLLOWING ONE ANOTHER ON A SINGLE CHAIN

A

LINEAR EPITOPES

68
Q

FOLDING OF ONE CHAIN OR MULTIPLE CHAINS RESULTS IN WHAT KIND OF EPITOPE

A

CONFORMATIONAL EPITOPE

69
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
EPITOPES RECOGNIZED BY B AND T CELLS ARE ALWAYS THE SAME

A

FALSE
MAY DIFFER

70
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
ANYTHING THAT IS CAPABLE OF CROSS-LINKING SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULIN MOLECULES CAN TRIGGER B CELL ACTIVATION

71
Q

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO AN IMMUNOGEN FOR IT TO BE RECOGNIZED BY A T CELL

A

HAS TO BE DEGRADED INTO SMALL PEPTIDES BY AN APC

72
Q

CAN HAPTENS TRIGGER PRECIPITATION OR AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS

A

NEITHER
A HAPTEN HAS A SINGLE DETERMINANT SITE AND CANNOT FORM CROSSLINKS WITH MORE THAN ONE ANTIBODY

73
Q

HOW MANY DETERMINANT SITES DO HAPTENS HAVE

IMMUNOSEROLOGY (11 decks)

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