[LAB] Precipitation Flashcards
INTERACTION BETWEEN A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY IN CORRECT PROPORTIONS RESULTING IN A VISIBLE INSOLUBLE COMLEX
PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITINOGEN
ANTIGEN
PRECIPITIN
ANTIBODY
PRECIPITATE
INSOLUBLE COMPLEX FORMED
IS THERE STILL LATICE FORMATION IN A PRECIPITATION REACTION
YES
STAGES OF PRECIPITATION
SENSITIZATION
LATTICE FORMATION
IG THAT IS BETTER AT PRECIPITATING AB
IGG
IG THAT IS BETTER AT AGGLUTINATING AB
IGM
NON PRECIPITATING IG
IGE
IGD
ORDER OF BEST PRECIPITINS
MOST TO LEAST
IGG
IGM
IGA
FOR LATTICE FORMATION TO OCCUR, THE AG AND AB HAVE TO AT LEAST BE
BIVALENT
TEMPERATURE AT WHICH RAPID PRECIPITATION OCCURS
40-45C
TEMPERATURE FOR COMPLETE PRECIPITATION TO OCCUR
0-4C
PH AT WHICH PRECIPITATION REACTIONS OCCUR
PH 6-7.5
EFFECT OF SALT ON THE SOLUBILITY OF AG-AB COMPLEXES
INCREASES SOLUBILITY
SALT CONCENTRATION USED TO INCREASE SOLUBILITY
1.5 M
RELATIONSHIP OF AVIDITY AND DISSOCIATION
THE HIGHER THE AVIDITY OF THE AB
THE LESSER THE TENDENCY TO DISSOCIATE AND DISSOLVE
RATIO OF ANTIGEN DILUTION TO ANTIBODY DILUTION
EQUIVALENCE POINT
POINT AT WHICH THERE IS LITTLE OR NO DIFFERENCE IN THE AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION
ZONE OF EQUIVALENCE
RATIO OF AG TO AB WHERE REACTION IS MOST RAPID
OPTIMUM PROPORTION
ZONE OF ANTIGEN EXCESS
PROZONE
ZONE OF INHIBITION
ZONE IN WHICH THE SUPERNATANT CONTAINS FREE ANTIGENS
PROZONE
ZONE OF INHIBITION
ZONE IN WHICH THE SUPERNATANT CONTAINS FREE ANTIGENS
POSTZONE
ZONE OF ANTIBODY EXCESS
POSTZONE
ALL AG AND AB ARE INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF PRECIPITATION
OPTIMUM PROPORTION
NEITHER FREE AG OR AB CAN BE DETECTED
OPTIMUM PROPORTION
[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
AG IS DILUTED AND ADDED TO K AMOUNTS OF AB
DEAN AND WEBB
[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
DETECTS THE SMALLEST AMOUNT OF AG THAT CAN GIVE A VISIBLE REACTION
DEAN AND WEBB
[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
PROZONE: AG EXCESS
POSTZONE: AB EXCESS
DEAN AND WEBB
[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
ALPHA PROCEDURE
DEAN AND WEBB
[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
AB IS DILUTED AND ADDED TO K AMUNTS OF AG
RAMON
[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
PRECIPITATION OCCURS IN A MUCH NARROWER RANGE OF REACTANT SILUTIONS
RAMON
[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
DETECTS THE SMALLEST AMOUNT OF AB THAT WILL CAUSE A PRECIPITATION REACTION
RAMON
[DEAN AND WEBB OR RAMON PROCEDURE]
PROZONE: AB EXCESS
POSTZONE: AG EXCESS
RAMON
MAJOR DETERRENT TO THE USE OF FLUID PRECIPITATION TESTS
ZONING PHENOMENON
[TRUE OR FALSE]
ALL AG AND AB HAVE THE SAME OPTIMUM PROPORTION
FALSE
THEY VARY
PHENOMENON WHERE AB-AG PRECIPITATE DOES NOT EXHIBIT REVERSE SOLUBILITY
DANSYZ PHENOMENON
PRECIPITATION TECHNIQUES IN A LIQUID MEDIUM
INTERFACIAL TEST
RING TEST
PRECIPITATION TECHNIQUES IN A GEL MEDIUM
OUDIN
RID
OAKLEY & FULTHORPE
OUCHTERLONY
APPLICATIONS OF THE FLUID PRECIPITATION
ASCOLI TEST
LANCERFIELD SEROLOGICAL TYPING
FORENSIC
CRP
BEST TEST FOR CRP
REVERSE PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION TEST
PRINCIPLE OF PRECIPITATION IN A GEL MEDIUM
SOLUBLE MOLECULES (AG AND AB) REACTIS IN AGAR GEL OR OTHER SEMISOLID MEDIA UNTIL THEY REACH THEIR EQUIVALENCE TO FORM A STABLE PRECIPITATE
FORM OF PRECIPITATE IN A GEL MEDIUM
BAND
LINE
EXAMPLES OF GEL MEDIA
AGAR
AGAROSE GEL
POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL
EXAMPLES OF NON-GEL MEDIA
CELLULOSE ACETATE
REFERS TO THE REACTANT MOVING
DIFFUSION
REFERS TO TEH DIRECTION OF THE REACTANT’S MOVEMENT
DIMENSION
DESCRIBE THE SINGLE DIFFUSION REACTION
ONE REACTANT IS MOVING TOWARDS THE OTHER REACTANT
DESCRIBE THE DOUBLE DIFFUSION REACTION
BOTH REACTANTS ARE DIFFUSING TOWARDS EACH OTHER
DESCRIBE THE SINGLE DIMENSION REACTION
ONLY ONE EFFECTIVE DIRECTION
DESCRIBE THE DOUBLE DIMENSION REACTION
DIFFUSION IN MULTIPLE OR ALL DIRECTIONS
USUAL DIRECTION OF A SINGLE DIMENSION REACTION
UP OR DOWN
VERTICAL
USUAL DIRECTION OF A DOUBLE DIMENSION REACTION
RADIAL
EXAMPLES OF GEL SUBSTANCES
AGAR
AGAROSE
POLYACRYLAMIDE
CELLULOSE ACETATE
GELATIN
STARCH
MOST WIDELY USED GEL SUBSTANCE
AGAROSE
1 REACTANT
1 DIMENSION
DIFFUSION
OUDIN
1 REACTANT
1 DIMENSION
ELECTROPHORESIS
ROCKET IE
LAURELL
SINGLE EID
1 REACTANT
2 DIMENSIONS
DIFFUSION
RID
FEINBERG
MANCINI
1 REACTANT
2 DIMENSIONS
ELECTROPHORESIS
RESSLER
LAURELL
CROSSED IE
DOUBLE CROSSED IE
TWO DIMENTIONAL IE
2 REACTANTS
1 DIMENSION
DIFFUSION
OAKLEY AND FULTHROPE
2 REACTANTS
1 DIMENSION
ELECTROPHORESIS
COUNTER IE
DOUBLE EID
CROSSED AG-AB E
COUNTER CURRENT IE
IMMUNOOSMOPHORESIS
ELECTROSYNERESIS
OSMOPHORESIS
COUNTERMIGRATION IE
2 REACTANTS
2 DIMENSIONS
DIFFUSION
OUCHTERLONY AND ELEK
2 REACTANTS
2 DIMENSIONS
ELECTRPHORESIS
IE
GRABBAR AND WILLIAMS
[METHOD]
GEL CONTAINS IMMOBILIZED AB
OUDIN
[METHOD]
TWO OR MORE UNRELATED AG AGAINST THEIR HOMOLOGOUS AB MAY BE TESTED
OUDIN
[METHOD]
DETERMINE MINIMUM ANTIGENIC SUBSTANCES USING BLOOD, PLASMA, OR CELL EXTRACT
OUDIN
FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF MIGRATION IN OUDIN’S METHOD
CONCENTRATION OF AG-AB
TEMPERATURE
PORE SIZE OF THE GEL
[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
FUZZY EDGES
TYPE R
[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
SMALL AMOUNTS OF PRECIPITATE ON EITHER SIDES OF EQUIVALENCE
TYPE R
[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
CLEAN MARGINS
TYPE H
[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
FLOCCULATION IS COMPLETER WITHIN THE EQUIVALENCE ZONE
TYPE H
[TYPE OF PRECIPITIN BAND]
FLOCCULATION IS COMPLETELY INHIBITED OUTSIDE THE EQUIVALENCE ZONE
TYPE H
[METHOD]
CRP DETECTION
OUDIN
[METHOD]
USED AS A ROOUGH ESTIMATION OF AG CONCENTRATION
OUDIN
OTHER TERMS FOR THE RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION METHOD
END POINT METHOD
MANCINI TEST
[METHOD]
QUANTITATES A VARIETY OF PROTEINS IN SERUM
RID
[METHOD]
QUANTITATES IGG, IGA
RID
[METHOD]
AG DIFFUSES TO COMPLETION
RID
[METHOD]
PRECIPITIN RING OR DISC AROUND THE WELL
RID
SOURCES OF ERROR OF THE RID METHOD
OVERFILLING OR UNDERFILLING
SPILLING SAMPLE
NICKING THE WELL
IMPROPER INCUBATION TIME OR TEMPERATURE
[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
MEASURE THE DISC WHILE IT IS EXPANDING
FAHEY
[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
RESULT IS OBTAINED INA SHORTER PERIOD OF TIME
FAHEY
[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
KINETIC METHOD
FAHEY
[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
MEASURES WHEN THE REACTION HAS STOPPED EXPANDING
MANCINI
[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
ALLOWS MAXIMAL PRECIPITATION
MANCINI
[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
PRODUCES MORE RELIABLE RESULTS
MANCINI
[METHOD FOR READING RID TESTS]
END POINT METHOD
MANCINI
[METHOD]
INTERPOLATION FROM A STANDARD CURVE USING A KNOWN STANDARD
RID
[METHOD]
BOTH AG AND AB DIFFUSE TOWARD EACH OTHER
OAKLEY AND FULTHORPE
[METHOD]
AG AND AB BOTH DIFFUSE AND BIND EACH OTHER TO FORM A LINE AT THE POE
OUCHTERLONY
IN THE OUCHTERLONY METHOD, WHAT DOES THE NUMBER OF PRECIPITIN LINES INDICATE
THE MINUMUM NUMBER OF DISTINCT AG SUBSTANCES PRESENT
IN THE OUCHTERLONY METHOD, IF BOTH AG AND AB ARE OF THE SAME MW, WHAT IS THE RESULT
STRAIGHT LINE
[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
FUSION OF BANDS PRECIPITATE
TYPE I
IDENTITY
[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
PRECIPITATE LINES INTERSECT OR CROSS
TYPE II
NON IDENTITY
[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
WHY DONT LINES CROSS
SAMPLES CONTAIN NO ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS IN COMMON
[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
TWO ANTIGENS POSSESS COMMON DETERMINANTS BUT ALSO DISPLAY ANTIGENIC DIFFERENCES
TYPE III
PARTIAL IDENTITY
[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
SPUR FORMATION
TYPE III
[SEROLOGIC RELATIONSHIPS]
CONFUSED WITH NON IDENTITY
TYPE IV
DOUBLE PARTIAL IDENTITY
WHAT AB DOES THE SPUR FORMED POINT TOWARDS TO
MOST SIMPLE AB
PROTEIN-SENSITIVE STAIN
CARBOL FUCHSIN
ANTIGEN DIFFUSES THROUGH A SEMI SOLID MEDIUM AND EMPLOYS THE USE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
ELECTROIMMUNODIFFUSION
[CHARGE AND DIRECTION OF MIGRATION]
AB
(+)
TOWARDS THE CATHODE
[CHARGE AND DIRECTION OF MIGRATION]
AG
(—)
TOWARDS THE ANODE
IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS METHODS
ROCKET LAURELL
RESSLER
COUNTER IE
GRABBAR WILLIAMS
[METHOD]
PRECIPITIN LINE IS IN THE SHAPE OF A CONE
ROCKET
LAURELL
[METHOD]
AGAROSE GEL IS PH 8.6
ROCKET
LAURELL
PH OF AGAROSE GEL IN THE ROCKET LAURELL TECHNIQUE
PH 8.6
DIRECTION OF DIFFUSION IN THE ROCKET TECHNIQUE
UP
CHARGE OF AB IN THE ROCKET TECHNIQUE
NO CHARGE
AB IS IMMOBILIZED AT PH 8.6
[ROCKET OR OUDIN]
PLATES, QUANTITATIVE, ELECTROPHORESIS
ROCKET
[ROCKET OR OUDIN]
TUBES, QUALITATIVE, DIFFUSION
OUDIN
[METHOD]
ANALOGOUS TO RID
ROCKET LAURELL
ELECTROPHORETIC PHASES OF THE RESSLER METHOD
1 — SEPARATE COMPONENTS BY CHARGE
2 — AG-AB CONTACT,DEVELOPMENT OF A SERIES OF MOUNTAIN PEAKS
[METHOD]
REACTANTS MOVE LINEARLY TOWARDS EACH OTHER
CIE
PH OF AGAROSE GEL IN CIE
PH 8.2 TO 8.3
ENHANCEMENT OF AB MOVEMENT TO THE CATHODE
ELECTROENDOSMOSIS
[METHOD]
10X MORE SENSITIVE THAN OUCHTERLONY
CIE
AT WHAT PH IS IG IMMOBILE
PH 8.6
[METHOD]
FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF UNUSUAL PROTEINS IN THE SERUM
CIE
[METHOD]
USED FOR THE SCREENING OF NEWBORNS
CIE
[METHOD]
DETECTS CIRCULATING FIBRINOGEN OR FIBRIN SPLIT CLOTS
CIE
[METHOD]
AGAR IS CUT IN A TRIANGULAR PATTERN
CIE
[METHOD]
1ST IMMUNOPHORETIC TECHNIQUE
GRABBAR WILLIAMS TEST
[METHOD]
IDENTIFICATION OF ABNORMAL PROTEINS
GRABBAR WILLIAMS
[METHOD]
USED TO MONITOR THE PURITY OF DRUGS
GRABBAR WILLIAMS
[METHOD]
USES A QUALITATIVE OR SEMI-QUANTITATIVE METHOD OF FRACTIONATING COMPLEX AGS IN A MXTURE
GRABBAR WILLIAMS
[METHOD]
VARIATION OF IEP
IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS
2 STAGES OF IMMUNOFIXATION ELECTROPHORESIS
ELECTOPHORESIS
IMMUNOPRECIPITATION
