Lec 9 Stem cells Flashcards
Founder Stem cells
Transit amplifying cells
Divisional Asymmetry
Environmental Asymmetry
immortal strand hypothesis
Original DNA will stay in the cell and new synth DNA is passed on. Orig DNA wont be altered or mutated via transcription or translation
embryonic stem cells
- grow indefinitely
- unrestricted potential
If put into cell later in life it lacks factors to differentiate
Tertomas
embryonic stem cells can lead to tumors
give rise to wide range of tissues
(cant become full body from just ES cells)
differentiation of ES cells
you need factors (such as chemicals in order to differentiate to wanted tissue)
What type of potency do you see in es cells
pluripotency
What is needed for establishment and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in embryo?
Hematopoietic vs stromal stem cells
both are from bone marrow
HSCs-blood
MSCs-(connective tissues
Cord Blood
Type of adult stem cell
undifferentiated
no gene manip
can treat many diseases
Types of pluripotent cells
patient derived (iPS)
non-patient derived (ES)
Where to get adult stem cells
Bone marrow derived (transplant)
adipose derived (lipo)
challenges for regenerative med
- Production of required cell in sufficient numbers
- what cell
- tissue/immune rejection
- delivery and proper integration
*
limitation and alternatives
immune rejection a big problem
requires identical genotype
somatic cell nuclear transfer as an alternative
Adult cell convert to ES like via
Oct 3/4, Sox2, Myc, and Klf4
induced pluripotent stem cells
iPS
recombinant DNA techniques (introduction of 4 transcription factors)(Oct 4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin 28)
can induce adult stem cells to have the properties of ES cells
very high potential for teratoma
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
remove nucleus of egg cell
fuse a somatic cell
stim cell division
create blastocyst (inner cell mass) can take and have ES cells
if left it can become clone
(inefficient, technically demanding)
