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lec 9 personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality?

A

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

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2
Q

What are psychodynamic theories? who are the proponents?

A

Adler, Horney, Jung

view personality with a focus on the unconscious mind and the importance of childhood experiences.

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3
Q

What is psychoanalysis theory? Proponent?

A

Freud
-attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts.

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4
Q

What is the unconscious according to Freud?

A

a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories.

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5
Q

What is free association?

A

A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind.

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6
Q

What is the id?

A

strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

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7
Q

What is the ego?

A

-partly conscious, ‘executive’
-mediates b/w demands of id, superego, and reality

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8
Q

What is the superego?

A

-partly conscious
-internalized ideals and standards for judgment

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9
Q

What are psychosexual stages?

A

The childhood stages of development during which the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones.

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10
Q

What is the Oedipus complex?

A

A boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

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11
Q

What is identification?

A

The process by which children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos.

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12
Q

What is fixation?

A

lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage.

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13
Q

What are defense mechanisms?

A

The ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

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14
Q

What is repression?

A

The basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.

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15
Q

What is the collective unconscious?

A

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history.

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16
Q

What is terror-management theory?

A

A theory of death-related anxiety that explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death.

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17
Q

What is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

A

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through stories about ambiguous scenes.

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18
Q

What is a projective test?

A

A personality test that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of people’s inner dynamics.

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19
Q

What is the Rorschach inkblot test?

A

A projective test designed by Hermann Rorschach that seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretation of inkblots.

20
Q

What are humanistic theories? who are the proponents?

A

-Rogers, Maslow

Theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth.

21
Q

What is the hierarchy of needs?

A

Maslow’s five levels of human needs, beginning with physiological needs, often visualized as a pyramid.

22
Q

What is self-actualization?

A

One of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic needs are met and self-esteem is achieved.

23
Q

What is self-transcendence?

A

The striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self.

24
Q

What is unconditional positive regard?

A

A caring, accepting, and nonjudgmental attitude believed to help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

25
Q

What is self-concept?

A

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, ‘Who am I?’

26
Q

What is a trait?

A

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways.

27
Q

What is a personality inventory?

A

A questionnaire designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors to assess selected personality traits.

28
Q

What is self-report?

A

A method of recording participants’ descriptions of their personality traits using surveys or questionnaires.

29
Q

What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

A

The most widely researched and clinically used personality test, originally developed to identify emotional disorders.

30
Q

What is an empirically derived test?

A

A test created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups.

31
Q

What are the Big Five factors?

A

Five factors—openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—that describe personality.

32
Q

What is the social-cognitive perspective? Who are the proponents?

A

-Bandura
A view of behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits and their social context.

33
Q

What is reciprocal determinism?

A

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.

34
Q

What is the self in contemporary psychology?

A

Assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

35
Q

What is the spotlight effect?

A

Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders.

36
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

Our feelings of high or low self-worth.

37
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

Our sense of competence and effectiveness.

38
Q

What is self-serving bias?

A

A readiness to perceive ourselves favorably.

39
Q

What is narcissism?

A

Excessive self-love and self-absorption.

40
Q

what is the personality triad?

A

feelings, thoughts and behavior

41
Q

what is an inferiority complex?

A

feelings of inadequacy or inferiority, whether real or imagined

42
Q

what is basic anxiety?

A

concept by Karen Horney;

feelings that arise in a child from being unloved, unvalued, or insecure

43
Q

what is penis envy?

A

Freud proposed that young girls experience anxiety upon realization that they do not have a penis

44
Q

what is womb envy?

A

Horney proposed males envy of women’s biological fxns and primary role in creating and sustaining life

which led men to claim their superiority in other fields

45
Q

what is the normal ABC model of behaviour

A

A= antecedents (event before behaviour)
B= behavior
C= consequences

46
Q

what is the trait perspective? Who are the proponents?

A

-Allport, Eyeseneck, McCrae, Costa

certain stable characteristics influenced by genetic predispositions

the big five

47
Q

what is the concept of personal control? Who proposed it?

A

-Julian Rotter

External locus of control: forces beyond our personal control determine our fate.

Interal locus of control: control our own fate

psych (11 decks)

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