Lec 9

Question 1

Mental disorder

Answer 1

Alteration in thinking, mood, or behaviour associated with significant distress and imapired functioning

Question 2

What percent of adults have a mental illness

Answer 2

20

Question 3

By age 40, what percentage of Canadians have a had a mental disorder

Answer 3

50

Question 4

Prevalence of mental illness varies across

Answer 4

Social groups

LGBTQ, racialized, immigrant, refugee, and ethnocultural minority groups, as well as first responders

Question 5

Etiology (causes of mental illness)

Answer 5

Genetic factors

Biological factors

Psychological factors

Social factors

Question 6

Patterns of mental illness

Explained by two hypotheses

Answer 6

Social causation hypothesis (social status leads to mental illness)

Social selection hypothesis

Question 7

Impact of macro-level forces on patterns of mental illness examples

Answer 7

Economic recessions

COVID-19 Pandemic

Question 8

Mental illness is more common in youth

Answer 8

As they approach high school grad

Postsecondary students

Marginalized youth

Question 9

Cost of mental illness example

Individuals

Answer 9

Unemployment

Question 10

Cost of mental illness example

Families

Answer 10

Impaired parent-child bonding

Question 11

Cost of mental illness example

Society

Answer 11

Lost tax revenues

Question 12

Reasons for not getting treatment

Answer 12

Lack of services, negative perception of treatment, discomfort with self-disclosure, neglect within communities, fear of stigmatization

Question 13

Stigmatization surrounding mental disorder

Answer 13

Becoming an outsider

Question 14

Medicalization to control mental disorder

Answer 14

Defined, diagnosed, and treated within a medical framework

Question 15

Stigmatization of mental illness

Media framing

Answer 15

People with mental illness are unpredictable, violent, criminal, dangerous

Question 16

Stigmatization of mental illness

attitudes towards mental illness

Answer 16

Dehumanization; “weak character”

Question 17

Stigmatization of mental illness

Discrimination in

Answer 17

Employment, healthcare, housing

Question 18

Stigmatization of mental illness

Stigmatization contributes to

Answer 18

Self-stigma

Implications for recovery

Question 19

Stigmatization of mental illness

Countries with negative attitudes toward mental illness also do not

Answer 19

Perceive mental health policies and programs as a priority

Question 20

The evolution in treatment for mental illness

Answer 20

Religious and spiritual rituals

Prisons and madhouses

Asylums

Psychiatric institutions

Community treatment

Question 21

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 21

began in the 1960s

Treatment within communities rather than institutions

Has improved outcomes for people

Many people have also fallen through the cracks and do not receive treatment at all

Question 22

Requirements for successful deinstitutionalization

Answer 22

A supportive family network

An accepting community

Adequate community resources

A place to live

Question 23

Potential outcomes of deinstitutionalization

Answer 23

Homelessness

Criminality

Question 24

Potential outcomes of deinstitutionalization

Homeless ness

Answer 24

at least one-third of people who are homeless have a mental illness

Effectiveness of housing first programs

Question 25

Potential outcomes of deinstitutionalization Criminality

Answer 25

More likely to be victims of crime but still be overrepresented in CJS Insufficient mental health resources in the CJS

Question 26

The deviance dance surrounding mental illness resists

Answer 26

Stigmatization Inadequate and insufficient care Medicalization

Question 27

Resisting stigmatization

Answer 27

Embedded within the discrimination paradigm

Question 28

Reducing stigmatization includes

Answer 28

human rights legislation and policies Self-help or advocacy groups Targeted public education Stigma management techniques used by individuals

Question 29

Resisting inadequate and insufficient care

Answer 29

embedded within the disease paradigm Provide open information about resources and treatment to consumers Increase access to and quality of resources (targeted and appropriate resources for appropriate groups)

Question 30

Resisting medicalization

Answer 30

Criticizing the DSM Criticizing the process The role of social factors in diagnosis and treatment

Question 31

Criticizing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Answer 31

The inclusion of certain categories of disorder (gender dysphoria) Methodological shortcomings The influence of power in its creation

Question 32

Criticizing the process Rosenhan (1973)

Answer 32

"Being sane in insane places' 8 pseudo-patients were institutionalized 7-52 days to be released Released with psychiatric diagnosis Other patients detected the absence of mental illness in the pseudo-patients Concluded that psychiatric treatment is precarious and dehumanizing

Question 33

Theoretical implications of Rosenhan (1973) study

Answer 33

Illustration of a total institution Illustration of the negative consequences of labelling Debates over the positive effects of labeling

Question 34

The role of social factors in diagnosis and treatment

Answer 34

White people are more likely to medicalized, black people are more likely to be criminalized With identical case studies, differential diagnosis may occur (white youths ADHD, Black youth as behavioural disorders) Misdiagnosis is more common for people in marginilised groups