Lec 7 Flashcards
Various definitions of youth
Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) states youth as 12-17
UN and WHO see youth as 15-24
At risk youth
Of negative outcomes themselves
As a risk youth
To others and to society
Cyberbullying is an example
of a situation whereby young people who are cyberbullied are at risk and are a greater risk to others
Youth who are cyberbullied tend to have a greater risk of criminal activity and becoming bullies themselves
Top three substances used by youth at risk
Alcohol
E-cigs
Cannabis
Smoking chances by grade
Increases greatly from grade 7-12 and daily use although small also greatly decreases
Prevalence of smoking in youth over time
Has decreased
Tobacco use over time in youth
Less than 3% of kids from grade 7-12
Compared to 20% in the 70s
Has transitioned from being normalized do deviantized
Controlling youth tobacco use
Tobacco and Vaping Produces Act
Acts on sales
Regulations governing underage smokers
Restrictions on advertising and marketing
Government lawsuits against tobacco companies
Efforts to increase controls on smoking images in youth-related movies
Vaping
Varied motivations (cloud chasers versus substitutes)
WHO states they are not safe
More common in youth
E-cig use by grade
Much more common than smoking for youth
Increase in kids who have tried as well as kids who do it regularly
Cannabis use by age before legalization
Increases in use from 20-24 then drops off after the age of 25
Effects of cannabis legalization (first year)
2% increase among adults
No change among 18-24 year olds
10% decrease among 12-17 year olds
Why drug use among young people
all factors
Individual factors
Family factors
School factors
Community factors
Why drug use among young people
Individual factor example
Feelings of competence
Why drug use among young people
Family factor example
Parent-child relationship
Why drug use among young people
School factors example
Extracurricular activities
Why drug use among young people
Community factor example
Availability of substances
Controlling drug use
Because of the multiple causes of drug use, control efforts must be multi factored as well
Controlling drug use must address
individual, family, school, and community factors
Importance of preventative social control for drugs
Must occur prior to a child’s exposure to drugs
Alcohol use
Normalized in society overall and among youth
Average age of first consumption is 13.4 years
Criticism of the alcohol industry
Flavoured malt beverages exist
University binge drinking
University as an “apprenticeship in drinking”
35-40% of students within the past few weeks
More among some student groups (ie first years and athletic teams)
University alcohol use has become more polarized
