Lec 8

Question 1

Voluntary and Involuntary Physical Appearance

Those with more objective interests study

Answer 1

The deviant person, behaviour, or characteristic using positivist approaches

Question 2

Voluntary and Involuntary Physical Appearance

Those with more subjective interests study

Answer 2

Perceptions of and reactions to the act using interpretive and critical approaches

Question 3

Body projects

Answer 3

Ways we adapt, change or control our bodies

Question 4

4 things that people do to change their bodies

Answer 4

Camouflaging

Extending

Adapting

Redesigning

Question 5

Camouflaging

Answer 5

Normative processes

eg. make up

Question 6

Extending

Answer 6

Overcome limitations

ie. glasses

Question 7

Adapting

Answer 7

Effortful changes

eg weight loss

Question 8

Redesigning

Answer 8

Permanent changes

eg tattoos

Question 9

Body modification Lengthy History

First Tattoo revolution came from

Answer 9

European explorers

Question 10

Body modification Lengthy History

Victorian era of body modification came from

Answer 10

Middle-class fascination

Question 11

Body modification Lengthy History

1950s

Answer 11

working-class masculinity

Question 12

Body modification Lengthy History

Tattoo renaissance

Answer 12

1960s/1970s counterculture

Question 13

How much of Canada has one tattoo at least

Answer 13

33%

Question 14

Tattoos are more prevalent among

Answer 14

University students and females over males

Question 15

what do modified Bodies tell us

Objectively

Answer 15

Risk motivation

Question 16

What do modified bodies tell us subjectively

Answer 16

Self-narratives, social structures, moral codes

Question 17

Risks of body modifiers

Answer 17

Physical risks (infections)

Psychological risk (mental health)

Behavioural risk (substance abuse)

Question 18

Body modifiers motivations

Answer 18

Aesthetics

Individuality

Question 19

Dramaturgical approach to body modifiers

Answer 19

Impression management on the front-stage

Question 20

Narrative approach to body modifiers

Answer 20

Body art tells the stories of people’s lives

Those stories are interpreted by others, within a larger structure of power in society

Question 21

Stories of Gender by body modifiers

Answer 21

Choice of designs and locations

Acceptance or rejection of traditional gender ideals

Question 22

Who is still stigmatized for body art

Answer 22

Women

Perceived as more likely to have sex on a first date

Question 23

Hypothetical sexual assault trial for women

Answer 23

Guilty verdict less likely when female victim had a masculine tattoo design

Question 24

Stories of work

Body modifications

Answer 24

Occupational group membership (chef with a bacon tattoo)

Stigmatization (discrimination in hiring with higher sexual harassment at work)

Question 25

Factors that affect the degree of acceptability

Answer 25

Types of clients/customers

Question 26

Stories of interpersonal relationships Body modifications

Answer 26

Family members and friends influence choice of body art

Question 27

What percent of tattoos are honoured to loved ones

Answer 27

40 percent

Question 28

Scientific standards for the ideal body have

Answer 28

Increased

Question 29

Social standards for the ideal body have

Answer 29

Decreased

Question 30

The ideal body according to science

Answer 30

Based on health risk

Question 31

Body mass index (BMI)

Answer 31

<18.5=underweight 18.5-24.9=Ideal 25-29.9=overweight 30+=obese

Question 32

Extreme end of underweight may be associated with

Answer 32

anorexia nervosa

Question 33

Anorexia nervosa incidence

Answer 33

1-3 percent in females less in males

Question 34

What is more common than anorexia in males

Answer 34

Muscle dysmorphia 7-22% of males More common among groups like bodybuilders

Question 35

Ideal female body in social standards is

Answer 35

Curvaceously thin

Question 36

Ideal male body according to current cultural standards

Answer 36

v-shaped

Question 37

Ideal bodies on scientific standards are often

Answer 37

too fat based on social standards

Question 38

For a person to be socially typed as too thing they must be

Answer 38

Extremely thin

Question 39

Role of media on body standards

Answer 39

Female bodies have become thinners and males are more muscular yet leaner

Question 40

Media portrayals are

Answer 40

Fictions (attainable by few people) Fashions (become standards of attractiveness) Functions (Dictate gender-specific functions of bodies)

Question 41

Too fat Survey stereotypes of fat people

Answer 41

Lazy Boring Unfriendly Incompetent

Question 42

Stereotypes of fat people reflected in the media

Answer 42

Overweight character are lonely or a source of comedy Thin characters associated with wealth, desirability

Question 43

Social controls targeting "too fat"

Answer 43

Interpersonal interactions Media Commercialization Medicalization Government Communities

Question 44

Which gender has a higher proportion dissatisfied with their bodies

Answer 44

women

Question 45

Resisting the label of too fat

Answer 45

Fat acceptance activist groups Fashions, and beauty websites for plus-size individuals Body positivity movement on social media

Question 46

People perceived as too thin are seen as

Answer 46

Emaciated and looking like junkies

Question 47

Emotions on people who are too thin

Answer 47

Negative emotions- Repulsed

Question 48

Social controls targeting "too thin"

Answer 48

Medical intervention Changes in modelling industry Media Interpersonal interactions

Question 49

Resisting a label of "too thin"

Answer 49

Celebrity responses to trolls on social media Pro-anorexia websites and #thinspiration posts on social media Self-monitoring in social interactions (do not wear shorts so that people will not comment on thin legs)