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Reproductive > Lec 8 Male GU > Flashcards

Lec 8 Male GU Flashcards

1
Q

What is major kidney tumor of kids?

A

wilms tumor = peaks 3-4 yo

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2
Q

What are characteristics of wilms tumor [nephroblastoma]?

A
  • seen in kids 2-5 yo
  • containes embyonic glomerular structures
  • present palpable flank mass and hematuria
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3
Q

What mutations associated wtih wilms tumor?

A

mutations of tumor suppressor genes WT1 or WT2 on chr 11

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4
Q

What pattern do you see in wilms tumor histologically?

A

triphasic pattern = epithlium, mesenchyme, blastema

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5
Q

What are unfavorable histo findings in wilms tumor?

A
  • anaplastic nuclear changes (hyperchromatic nuclei, mitoses)
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6
Q

What in an oncocytoma?

A

benign epithelial cell tumor

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7
Q

What happens when you detect renal cell carcinoma?

A

do curative surgery w/out diagnostic biopsy; treatment of choice = partial nephrectomy

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8
Q

What is major adult renal tumor?

A

clear cell renal carcinoma

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9
Q

What do you see grossly in oncocytoma?

A

solid mahogany tumor with central scar

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10
Q

What do you see on histology in oncocytome?

A

granular eosinophilic cytoplasm
uniform round nuclei
prominent nucleoli
abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing

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11
Q

What do you see grossly in clear cell RCC?

A

solid or cystic variegated tumor

yellow to red

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12
Q

What do you see grossly in papillary RCC?

A

solid or cystic variegated tumor

tan to brown

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13
Q

What do you see grossly in chromophobe RCC?

A

solid tan tumor

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14
Q

What do you see on histology in clear cell RCC?

A

clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm

rich capillary network

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15
Q

What do you see on histology in papillary RCC?

A

papillary or solid eosinophilic cells

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16
Q

What do you see on histology in chromophobe RCC?

A

flocculent clear or eosinophilic cells
distinct cell borders
look like koilocytes

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17
Q

What genetics associated wtih clear cell RCC?

A

deteltion on chr 3 [VHL]

18
Q

What is survival rate for papillary RCC?

A

80-85% 5 year survival

19
Q

What is translocation associated RCC?

A

seen in younger pts; have aggressive behavior

histoloogy = papillary architecture with clear cells

20
Q

What is major type of urinary tract tumor?

A

95% of urothelial origin = urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma

21
Q

how do urinary tract tumors present?

A

age > 50

hematuria, urinary obstruction

22
Q

How do you classify urothelial lesions?

A

papillary vs flat
high grade vs low grade
non-invasive vs invasive

23
Q

What do you see in papillomas of bladder?

A

simple papillary struct liked wtih normal urothelium

24
Q

What is most common urinary tract tumor?

A

low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma

25
Q

What do you see in low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma?

A

papillary pattern
mild cytologic atypia
high recurrence rate (55-65%)

26
Q

What do you see in high grade papillary urothelial ca?

A

marked cytologica atypia

15-40% progress to invasive

27
Q

What are characteristics of flat urothelial carcinoma in situ?

A 
flat high grade lesion
appears velvety on cytoscopy
associated wtih invasive carcinoma
poorly cohesive cells
often shed into urin
28
Q

What mutations in high grade or CIS non-invasive?

A

P53 and Rb

29
Q

What are treatment implications for low vs high grade tumors?

A

low = follow up, tumor resection

high grade or invasive = resect, biotherapy, chemo

30
Q

What kind of cancer is associated with schistosoma infection?

A

squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

31
Q

What do you see microscopically in BH?

A

nodular proliferation of normal glands, stroma, or both

32
Q

Where does cancer vs BPH localize in prostate?

A

cancer = peripheral, ill defined border, yellow discoloration

BPH = transitional zone / periurethral, nodular, whitish

33
Q

What is hallmark of benign vs carcinoma of prostate?

A

benign = no nuclear atypia, lobular, have basal cells

carcinoma = nuclear atypia, loss of basal cells

34
Q

What is gleason grade 4?

A

fused or poorly formed glands

35
Q

What is gleason grade 5?

A

solid sheet, central necrosis, individual cells

36
Q

What does GS < 6 vs 7 vs 8-10 mean?

A

< 6 = well differentiated
7 = moderately differentiated
8-10 = poorly differentiated

37
Q

Where does prostate cancer met?

A

to bone = osteoblastic

38
Q

What is normal PSA?

A

< 2.5

39
Q

What do you see clinically in germ cell testicular tumor?

A

painless enlargement of testis; can successfully treat w/ radiation or chemo

40
Q

What associated with penile cancer?

A

HPV

Reproductive (14 decks)

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