lec 8 Alternative Sanctions

Question 1

Probation

Answer 1

-sentence that allows offender to serve their sentence in the community
-subject to certain conditions for a designated time period

Question 2

Mandatory Conditions of Probation (6)

Answer 2

-Remaining within a particular jurisdiction
-reporting to a probation officer (as required)
-keeping the peace
-keeping authorities informed about changes of residence
-refraining from contact with criminal associates
-notifying the court or probation officer of any change in employment or occupation

Question 3

Optional Conditions of Probation (4)

Answer 3

-Drug counselling
-avoiding contact with children
-community service order
-reporting to probation officer

Question 4

Conditional Sentence of Imprisonment

Answer 4

-imprisonment of less than 2 years
-served in the community under both optional and mandatory conditions

Question 5

Mandatory Conditions of Conditional Sentences (4)

Answer 5

-Law abiding behavior
-appearing before court when ordered
-remaining within a specific set of boundaries unless the court grants permission to leave
-informing the court or supervisor of any change in address or occupation

Question 6

Optional Conditions for Conditional Sentences (7)

Answer 6

-treatment program
-providing support and care for dependents
-curfews
-mandatory medical and psychiatric treatment
-orders preventing offenders from contacting other persons
-home confinement
-electronic monitoring.

Question 7

Intermediate Sanctions

Answer 7

Increase control over offenders within community setting

include: intensive supervision probation, home confinement, fines, electronic monitoring, restitution orders.

Question 8

Penal Harm Movement

Answer 8

-punishment paradigm

-believes the root causes of crime cannot be changed
-criminals will only be deterred if the criminal justice system ensures they receive enough pain for their wrongs

Question 9

Intensive Supervision Probation

Answer 9

-punishment-oriented form of probation
-stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than conventional probation by probation officers with small case loads

Question 10

Home Confinement and Electronic Monitoring

Answer 10

Restrict offenders to their place of residence while maintaining employment and family ties and providing access to community programs/resources.

Question 11

Electronic Monitoring

Answer 11

Used to ensure offenders follow probation orders by detecting violations such as curfew breaches or ignoring home confinement agreements.

Question 12

Fines

Answer 12

-Common sentence-
30-31% of guilty cases
-alone or combined with other sanctions.

Question 13

what are 4 Conditional Release Programs?

Answer 13

• full parole
  -day parole
  -statutory release
  -temporary absences

Question 14

Full Parole

Answer 14

Serve a portion of the sentence in the community, applied for after one-third of the sentence or 7 years.

Question 15

Day Parole

Answer 15

Short periods of release with a maximum of four months, eligibility is six months prior to full parole.

Question 16

Temporary Absences

Answer 16

Granted for medical, compassionate, administrative reasons, or family/community contact, can be escorted or unescorted.

Question 17

Statutory Release

Answer 17

Not granted parole, served two-thirds of the sentence with supervision similar to parole.

Question 18

Recidivism with respect to readmission

Answer 18

measurement that includes technical violations and convictions for new offenses.

Question 19

how common are full paroles to get approveed? day parole?

Answer 19

-Less than 50% of full parole applicants are approved
-day parole has a significantly higher approval rate.

Question 20

Community Release

Answer 20

Portion of sentence to be served in the community, often criticized as being ‘soft on criminals’.

Question 21

Martinson’s Conclusion

Answer 21

In 1974, concluded that rehabilitative efforts had no appreciable effect on recidivism, but later rejected this conclusion in 1979.

Question 22

Eligibility for Probation

Answer 22

Commonly believed to be for first-time offenders or minor property crimes, but also common for violent crimes due to less serious nature or prior criminal record.

Question 23

Net-Widening

Answer 23

Occurs when offenders are diverted into a new program even though they are not really the individuals for whom the program was originally intended.

Question 24

Judicially Administered Sanctions

Answer 24

Intermediate sanctions
-outgrowth of justice model-based policies aimed at reducing prison overcrowding and costs.

Question 25

Critics of Intermediate Sanctions

Answer 25

Argue that they represent a new era of punitive punishments that simply incarcerate more offenders than before.