Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Brain and Behavior Exam 3 > Lec 64 Nervous System Infections > Flashcards

Lec 64 Nervous System Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is meningitis?

A

inflammation of meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is presentation of meningitis?

A
  • preceded by 3-5 days of headache, malaise, vomiting
  • stiff neck on flexion, headache, altered mental status
  • fever [differentiates from migraine]
  • may have seizures, papilledema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are common causes of bacterial meningitis in neonate?

A

group B strep = most common
also:
- e coli
- listeria

NOT N. meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are common causes of bacterial meningitis in children?

A

strep pneumoniae = most common

also:
- N meningitidis
- H influenzae type B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are common causes of bacterial meningitis in adults?

A

N. meningitidis = most common
also:
- s. pneumoniae
- H influenzae type B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are common causes of bacterial meningitis in elderly?

A
  • s. pneumoniae
  • L monocytogenes
  • gram neg rods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of meningitis with:

  • high opening pressure
  • low glucose
  • really high protein
  • lots of PMNs
A

bacterial meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of meningitis with:

  • normal opening pressure
  • normal glucose
  • high protein
  • lots of lymphocytes
A

viral meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of meningitis with:

  • high opening pressure
  • low glucose
  • high protein
  • lots of PMNs
A

fungal meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of meningitis with:

  • high opening pressure
  • low glucose
  • really high protein
  • mixed PMNs and lymphocytes
A

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is meningitis usually caused by bacteria or virus?

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is encephalitis usually caused by bacteria or virus?

A

virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is myelitis?

A

inflammation of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

inflammation of brain itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are signs of menningococcal meningitis?

A
  • petechial rash
  • stiff neck on flexion, fever
  • sepsis: hypotension, organ failure, DIC, purpura fulminans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a feared complication of menningococcal meningitis?

A

waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome = due to bleeding into adrenal gland
get adrenal failure, hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are causes of viral meningitis?

A

enteroviruses [cocksaskie] = children or adults

HSV/HIV/west nile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you prevent meningitis?

A

vaccinate against H influenzae, N meningitidis, S. pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you treat bacterial meningitis?

A
  • initiate 3-4 gen cephalosporin and ampicillin for infants/elderly OR PCN
  • in meningococcal add rifampin
  • initiate corticosteroids
  • antibiotic must cross BBB
  • treat ICP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are causes of non-infectious [aseptic] meningitis?

A 
inflammatory
malignancy
chemical
medication
migraine
21
Q

What is neuro TB? tow forms?

A
  • secondary to TB from other site in body

tuberculous meningitis: thick pale yellow exudate over base of brain obstructs CSF flow

tuberculoma: growth of tubercles, enlarge in CNS parenchyma

22
Q

What are symptoms of brain abscess

A

abscess = brain tumor

have –> brain tumor headache, focal neuro signs, obtundation, herniation

23
Q

What should you consider when sinusitis with fever, headache, focal seizures, localized tenderness

cause? treat?

A

subdural empyema = collection of pus in subdural space

cause: nearby infection after thrombosis of venous sinus, trauma

do MRI NOT LP, treat with surgical drainage + antibiotic

24
Q

What are signs of neurosyphilis?

A

cranial nerve lesions, subacute-chronic meningitis, neurovascular syphilis, gummas [soft non-cancerious growths], argyll-robinson pupils, dementia, tabes dorsalis, stroke

25
What is sign of primary syphilis?
chancre
26
What is sign of secondary syphilis?
rash on soles of feet and palms
27
What are signs of tertiary syphilis?
neuro! - argyll-robinson pupil - dementia - tabes dorsalis - stroke
28
What does positive CSF VDRL mean?
pt has neurosyphilis
29
what does negative CSF VDRL mean?
does not rule out neurosyphilis
30
What does negative CSF FTA [fluorescent treponemal antibody] mean?
rules out neurosyphilis
31
What does positive CSF FTA [fluorescent treponemal antibody] mean?
does not make diagnosis of neurosyphilis
32
What causes lyme disease?
borrelia burgdorferi tick in place > 24 hrs
33
What are early, early disseminated, and late signs of lyme disease?
early: erythema migrans early disseminated: headache, stiff neck, myalgias, arthralgias, myocarditis with conduction blocks late persistent: cognitive, arthritis
34
Who usually gets cryptococcal meningitis? signs?
usually AIDS T Cell < 200 budding yeast high OP, low gluc, high protein
35
Who gets invasive aspergillosis?
pt with impaired immunity
36
What is mucormycosis? characteristics?
aggressive fungal infection often w/ diabetics spread along arteries beyond nasal sinuses into brain, involve orbit/eye/bone/brain frontal lobe abscess
37
What are chracteristics of candidiasis?
typically cause microabscesses more than meningitis | pseudohyphae
38
What is creutzfeldt-jakob disease [CJD]?
prion disease progressive, rapid, fatal abnormal folded proteins [prions] fill brain present: rapid dementia, myoclonus, ataxia
39
What are characteristics of toxoplasmosis?
multiple ring enhancing lesions most immunocompetent individuals are asymptomatic if HIV: treat
40
What is encephalitis?
viral infection of encephalon
41
What are signs of encephalitis?
confusion, personality change, altered mental status, fever, seizures more likely altered consciousness, less likely headache
42
What are common causes of encephalitis?
acute: polio, rabies subacute/chronic: HIV, JC virus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis [measles] seasonal: enterovirus [autum], herpes/arbovirus [summer]
43
Match virus and disease: HSV-1 HSV-2 meningitis encephalitis
HSV-1 encephalitis | HSV-2 meningitis
44
What are signs of herpes simplex encephalitis?
high mortality/morbidity | aphasia, impaired memory, other limbic symptoms
45
What is treatment for herpes simplex encephalitis?
acyclovir
46
How do you diagnose herpes simplex encephalitis?
PCR for HSV virus RBCs in CSF temporal-lobe spikes on EEG
47
What happens in polio?
loss of motor neurons from anterior horns
48
What happens in rabies?
negri bodies = neuronal intracytoplasmic inclusions
49
What causes subactue sclerosing panencephalitis? signs?
defective measles virus symptoms 6-10 yrs after primary infection signs: rapid progressive dementia, ataxia, myoclonic jerks

Brain and Behavior Exam 3 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions