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Brain and Behavior Exam 3 > Lec 45 Stimulants, Anorexigenics, Hallucinogens > Flashcards

Lec 45 Stimulants, Anorexigenics, Hallucinogens Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What is mech of action cocaine and amphetamine-like drugs?

A

increase synaptic levels of DA, NE, 5HT [primarily via inhibiting reuptake transporters]

stimulant activity + addiction = mostly due to dopamine

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2
Q

What is mech of action of cocaine?

A

directly inhibit DAT reuptake inhibitor

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3
Q

What are the 3 exceptions to rule that stimulants increase synaptic level of catecholamiens or serotonin by inhibiting reuptake or increasing release?

A
  • modafinil
  • caffeine
  • nicotine
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4
Q

What is mech of action amphetamines?

A
  • substrate of NT reuptake transporters –> interfere with uptake
  • ALSO increase synaptic transmitter release
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5
Q

What is antibipatory effect of cocaine?

A

with repeat exposure –> have anticipatory effect on nucleus acumbens

–> after exposure to cocaine, placebo saline can even cause DA release

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6
Q

Do amphetamines or cocaine have longer half life?

A

amphetamines

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7
Q

Which amphetamine has lower abuse potential than others? why?

A

because longer half life [~20 hr]

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8
Q

What is difference in amphetamines stereoisomers?

A
  • D more potent for CNS, L for ANS

amphetamine prescription = 75% D
methamphetamine = 100% D

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9
Q

What is affect of stimulant withdrawal system?

A
  • post-use “crash” –> depression, lethargy, weight gain, headache
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10
Q

What are signs specific to amphetamine withdrawal?

A
  • anhedonia, increased appetite, hypersomnolence
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11
Q

What are signs specific to cocaine withdrawal?

A
  • hypersomnolence, malaise, severe psychological craving, depression/suicidality
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12
Q

What are flashbacks?

A

longterm visual disturbances int ~4% of former users

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13
Q

What is effect of antimuscarnic hallucinogens?

A

parasympatholytic autonomic effects

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14
Q

What is action of endocannabinoids?

A

synthesized but not stored and released from cell bodies of stimulates neurons, diffuse retrograde across synaptic cleft to act on CB1 receptor of afferent nerve terminal

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15
Q

What are effects of inhalants [volatile solvents, NO, glue, etc]?

A
  • euphoria, ataxia, hallucination, seizure

- toxicity: cerebellar degeneration, renal tubular acidosis, arrhythmias, myocarditis, cognitive decline

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16
Q

What are the 2 major stimulants used to treat ADHD?

A

methylphenidate

amphteamine

Brain and Behavior Exam 3 (32 decks)

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