Lec 6 Language Flashcards
Where is Broca’s area?
Left hemisphere, posterior area of the inferior frontal cortex
What is Broca’s aphasia?
Lesion in Broca’s area that causes speech difficulties (without severe comprehension problems) and some difficulty in comprehending grammatically complex sentences.
What are some other names for Broca’s aphasia?
Anterior aphasia, nonfluent aphasia, expressive aphasia and agrammatic aphasia
Where is Wernicke’s area?
Posterior, superior temporal gyrus
What are other some other names for Wernicke’s aphasia?
Posterior aphasia and receptive aphasia
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
Can result from damage to Wernicke’s area and surrounding neural circuits. Patients have difficulty understanding spoken and written language. Speech is fluent with normal prosody and grammar but is nonsensical.
What evidence is there against the locationist view of biological basis of language?
Circuitry around the primary locations can be damaged and still result in aphasia.
What is transcortical sensory aphasia?
Inability to comprehend spoken inputs but can repeat spoken words, due to damage to circuits that run from Wernicke’s area to the area for conceptual information.
What is conduction aphasia?
Results from damage to the arcuate fasciculus. Patients can understand words that they hear or read and can detect their own speech errors but cannot fix them. Difficulty in spontaneous speech and repetition of words, sometimes use words incorrectly.
What is transcortical motor aphasia?
Disconnection between conceptual center and Broca’s area. Similar to Broca’s aphasia but preserves the ability to repeat phrases
Define mental lexicon
Mental store of info about words (inc: semantic, syntactic and details of word forms)
Define lexical access
The processes by which perceptual inputs activate word info in the mental lexicon
Define lexicon selection
Process of selecting from a collection of representations that best matches the activated word from the sensory input
Define lexical integration
function of words being integrated into a full sentence, discourse or large current context to discern the message
Define morpheme
smallest grammatical units of a language that carry bits of meaning (frost, defrost, defroster)
