Lec 6

Question 1

which has a higher likelihood of being significant? planned contrast or post hoc comparisons

Answer 1

planned contrasts

Question 2

what is a planned contrast?

Answer 2

follow up test that compares placebo to treatment groups
can’t be changed

Question 3

what is a post hoc comparison?

Answer 3

follow up test that compares all pairs of means

Question 4

sphericity is only for _____ and must have ____ levels

Answer 4

repeated IV
>2 levels

Question 5

what is sphericity?

Answer 5

the variances of differences b/w all possible pairs of groups are equal

Question 6

what is the test for sphericity?

Answer 6

Mauchley’s test
do NOT want it to be significant`

Question 7

when should the alpha be adjusted with an ANOVA?

Answer 7

when comparing the main effects
(SPSS adjusts for simple effects)

Question 8

T/F: if there is a significant interaction in an ANOVA, you report the main effect

Answer 8

F

Question 9

t-tests compare ___ means and have ___ IVs

Answer 9

2 means
1 IV

Question 10

ANOVA compares ____ means and has _____ IVs

Answer 10

3+ means
>1 IV (factorial)

Question 11

what study designs can you use a t-test for?

Answer 11

post-test only randomized and non-randomized

Question 12

why can’t multiple t-test be ran?

Answer 12

inflates the type 1 error rate

Question 13

what is an omnibus test?

Answer 13

an “overall test” that tests a number of different comparisons at once;
does not say where differences are
ex: global ANOVA

Question 14

what is the statistic for an omnibus test?

Answer 14

F

Question 15

the null hypothesis states

Answer 15

that there is NO difference

Question 16

a one-way independent ANOVA has ____ IVs

Answer 16

1

Question 17

a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA has ____ IVs

Answer 17

1 repeated

Question 18

a 2 X 2 independent ANOVA has ____ IVs

Answer 18

2 or more independent IV

Question 19

a 2 x 2 repeated-measures ANOVA has ____ IVs

Answer 19

2+ repeated IVs

Question 20

a 2 x 2 mixed or split plot ANOVA has ____ IVs

Answer 20

2+ IV
at least 1 independent and 1 repeated

Question 20

T/F: the calculated F stat alone has no meaning; a cut-off value is needed

Answer 20

T

Question 21

F(2,12)=5.12, p=.025
how many groups?
how many participants?
critical F?
calculated F?

Answer 21

2 groups
12 participants
cannot determine critical F
calculated F = 5.12

Question 22

what is a pairwise test?

Answer 22

only compares 2 means
ran after global ANOVA

Question 23

what is the simple effects?

Answer 23

ran after global ANOVA AND significant interaction

Question 24

post-hoc stat test are designed to control

Answer 24

alpha

Question 25

what post hoc test should be ran only when there is small deviations from normality, sample sizes in each cell is equal, and the variances are homogeneous?

Answer 25

Bonferroni Tukey

Question 26

what post-hoc test should be ran if the variances are NOT homogeneous?

Answer 26

Games-Howell

Question 27

what test is the non-parametric equivalent to an independent one-way ANOVA?

Answer 27

Kruskal-Wallis

Question 28

what does the Kruskal-Wallis test compare?

Answer 28

mean ranks among groups if data doesn't meet assumptions or there is nominal data

Question 29

what test is the non-parametric equivalent to an indepedent t-test (post-hoc)?

Answer 29

Mann-Whitney U

Question 30

how are the degrees of freedom (df) determined?

Answer 30

time(or conditions) - 1

Question 31

what is the non-parametric equivalent to a repeated measures one-way ANOVA?

Answer 31

Friedman's ANOVA

Question 32

all pair-wise comparisons for non-parametrics are analyzed using

Answer 32

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks

Question 33

what is a two-way independent ANOVA?

Answer 33

2+ IVs (factorial) different participants in ALL conditions

Question 34

T/F: for factorial designs, the effect of one IV depends on the value of another IV

Answer 34

T

Question 35

interactions look for

Answer 35

interesting relationships between the IV

Question 36

what does the omnibus/global ANOVA consist of?

Answer 36

interaction main effects of 1 IV main effects of other IV

Question 37

if interaction is significant, run a _____ test

Answer 37

simple effects

Question 38

what is done next when the main effects are significant but the interaction is not?

Answer 38

run pair-wise comparison IF MORE THAN 2 LEVELS

Question 39

as the number of IVs increase, the alpha ____ for an ANOVA

Answer 39

decreases --> harder to find significance

Question 40

T/F: you are more likely to find a significance if id covariant and measure it

Answer 40

T

Question 41

what is the test for an ANOVA with a covariant analysis?

Answer 41

ANCOVA

Question 42

when is a MANOVA used?

Answer 42

test for differences b/w groups when there are SEVERAL DVs

Question 43

if you want to run multiple ANOVAs what should be done?

Answer 43

1 MANOVA

Question 44

how does a MANOVA differ from an ANOVA?

Answer 44

MANOVA makes a composite DV

Question 45

what is the next step after a significant MANOVA?

Answer 45

discriminant function analysis

Question 46

what assumptions need to be met for an ANOVA?

Answer 46

all t-test ones sphericity if repeated variable present