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HCT > Lec 5: Staining > Flashcards

Lec 5: Staining Flashcards

1
Q

The process that renders different tissue components more visible through variation in color

A

Staining

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2
Q

Treating tissues or cells with a series of Reagents to acquire a color

A

Staining

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3
Q

Chemical substances used to achieve visible color contrast in the microscopic picture of a prepared tissue

A

Stains

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4
Q

Purpose of staining (3)

A
  • Outlines tissues and cell components
  • Identification of tissues
  • Establishes the presence or absence of disease processes
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5
Q

Common Staining Methods:
(and their department)

A
  1. H&E - Histopathology
  2. Gram’s stain & Ziel-Neelsen - Microbiology
  3. Romanowsky (wright) - Hematology
  4. Giemsa - Parasitology
  5. Papanicolaou - Cytology
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6
Q
  1. Purpose for heat fixing
  2. Temperature and time for heat fixing
A
  1. To remove paraffin wax
  2. 60°C for at least 30 minutes
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7
Q

CYTOPLASMIC STAINING
1. the color of cytoplasm when stain is below pH 3?
2. The color of cytoplasm when stain is above pH 6?

A
  1. Reddish / orange
  2. Bluish / purple
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8
Q

Chemicals with an essentially aromatic benzene ring compound

A

Dyes / stains

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9
Q

Dyes/stains possess the twin properties of ___.

A
  • color band
  • ability to bind to tissues
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10
Q

The group on the benzene ring which confers color

A

Chromophore

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11
Q

A benzene derivative containing chromophoric groups

A

Chromogen

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12
Q

It is a chromophore where two hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring have been replaced by oxygen atoms.

A

Quinone group

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13
Q

A chromophore that are interbenzene bonds

A

Quinone-imine group

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14
Q

The group responsible for tissue to bind firmly to a given dye

A

Auxochrome

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15
Q

The combination of chromophore & auxochrome

A

Dye / stain

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16
Q

It stains basic components such as cytoplasm and acidophil granules

A

Acidic dye

17
Q

Stains acidic components such as nucleus and basophil granules

A

Basic dye

18
Q
  • Consist of mixture mixtures of basic and acidic dyes
  • It depends on the ph of the solution
  • Stains both cation and anion
A

Neutral dye

19
Q

It acts by combining with the metal, thus breaking the latter’s union with the tissue for cell components

A

Acid differentiators

20
Q

It acts by oxidizing the dye to a colorless substance

A

Oxidizing differentiators

21
Q

A substance which enhances the combination of the dye with the tissues forming a colored lake tissue mordant-dye complex

A

Mordant

22
Q

A substance that can cause no chemical union between the tissue and the dye

A

Accentuator

23
Q

It does not participate in the staining reaction but hastens the speed or the intensity and selectivity of the dye

A

Accentuator

24
Q

It increases the rate of the staining action

A

Accelerator

25
Q
  • An agent which holds the combination with tissue or bacteria
  • To have a differentiation between the target component and extracellular components (bacteria, fungi)
A

Trapping agent

26
Q

TYPES OF STAINING REACTION

  1. Penetrates the tissue by dye solution
  2. Accumulates on the surface of the compound to exhibit its presence
  3. Simple solubility of dye in element of tissues
  4. The dye combines with a specific compound in the tissue to form new substances
  5. Using intermediate treatment with mordant
A
  1. Absorption / Direct staining
  2. Adsorption phenomenon
  3. Physical staining
  4. Chemical staining
  5. Indirect staining
27
Q

It is the placing of the coverslip over the stained tissue sections using a melting medium applied between the section and the cover slip

A

Mounting

28
Q

Characteristics of a Good Mounting Medium

A
  • Rf of medium must be near to the glass’ Rf which is 1.518
  • is freely miscible with xylene & toluene
  • should set hard
  • should NOT dry quickly
  • should NOT crack/produce artifacts on slide
  • should NOT dissolve tissue sections
  • should NOT shrink & distort tissue
  • should NOT affect staining
  • should NOT change color/pH
29
Q

What are the 3 methods of cover slipping?

A
  • forceps method
  • inverted slide method
  • inverted coverslip method

HCT (9 decks)

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