Lec 4: Neurophsyiology Part 3: Sensory and Motor Systems

Question 1

What are a few characteristics of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 1

Involuntary, reflexive activity on organs and blood pressure

Question 2

What is the purpose of the Sympathetic System?

Answer 2

Mediates ‘Fight or Flight Response’, increasing heart rate & dilating bronchioles of lungs for more oxygen

Question 3

What is the purpose of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Answer 3

“Rest & Digest” System; Returning Blood flow to Gi Tract & Skin

Question 4

What is the purpose of the Enteric System?

Answer 4

Directly controlling the GI System

Question 5

In Sensory Transduction, Sensory receptors change physical energy into electrochemical energy. This includes Mechanoreceptors. What is included in the Mechanoreceptors?

Answer 5

Touch, Pain, and Temperature

Question 6

What are the (4)classes of receptors?

Answer 6

Mechanoreceptor (Touch, Balance, Proprioception, Pain)
Chemoreceptor (pain, Taste, Sell, Chemical Stimuli)
Photoreceptor (Sight)
Thermoreceptor (Temperature, Pain)

Question 7

In terms of Sensory Conduction, why is proprioception more important than main when it comes to myelinated and unmyelinated axons?

Answer 7

Allow reflexes to react before the possibility of pain

Question 8

In touch receptors, what is the frequency of Meissner’s Copuscle?

Answer 8

Low Frequency

Question 9

In touch receptors, what is Pacinian Corpouscle?

Answer 9

High Frequency vibration=Fast Reacting

Question 10

In terms of Ruffini Corpuscle, what is its reaction?

Answer 10

Steady Skin is greater than slow reacting

Question 11

In pain and thermal, what is nociceptors?

Answer 11

pain sensors

Question 12

What is a response to nxious stimuli?

Answer 12

Mechanical -Strong stimuliation

Thermal: above 45 degrees Celsius

Question 13

What are polymodal Nociceptors?

Answer 13

Mechanical, Heat, and Chemical

Question 14

What are the (4) components of sensation?

Answer 14

Vision, Hearing, touch, taste, smell proprioception

Question 15

What is Modality in sensory coding?

Answer 15

Everything that goes to the brain is labels

Question 16

What is an example of fast sensory coding?

Answer 16

touching finger is quick in responding

Question 17

What is an example of slow sensory coding?

Answer 17

Telling brain to no longer use fast coding, and use slow when allowing an action to occur after a long period of time

Example: Holding a cup in your hand for a long time

Question 18

what are the (3) main sensors of Proprioception?

Answer 18

Muscle Spindles
Golgi Tendon Organs
Joint Recpetors

Question 19

***Look at notes in Muscle Spindles &Golgi Tendon Organs

Answer 19

…

Question 20

In vision, what are the (2) types of photoreceptors?

Answer 20

Rods : Night vision

Cones Day vision

Question 21

Define Perception

Answer 21

Making meaning of sensation

Question 22

Define Sensation

Answer 22

Transforming physical stimuli to internal representations “neuron signals”

Question 23

What are (4) parameters of Perception?

Answer 23

Detection: Is there a stimulus?
Discrimination: One or two stimulus? same or different?
Recognition: Relate stimulus with something in your memory
Scaling: Ability to compare (2) similar, yet different stimuli

Question 24

What does Weber’s Law state about weight discrimination? Provide Example

Answer 24

The larger the weight, the less noticeable it is to discriminate the weight change

Question 25

What are (3) types of motor systems?

Answer 25

Reflexive (Involuntary& fast)
Voluntary (goal, improved with patients, learned)
Rhythmic Activity (combination of reflex and voluntary)

Question 26

What the Weber-Fechner Law?

Answer 26

A relationship between a stimulus and their strength is created and the perception of the stimulus diminishes.