Lec 4-4

Question 1

Describe target displacement + blanking during saccade

what does this cause

Answer 1

• Where target shifts and while it shifts, there is a small period where it is no longer visible as opposed to having it visible all the time but move.
• When the target blanks, people are able to tell that it has moved
• When the target does not blank, people can’t tell that it moved
• this is because the continued visibility of a target is used as a reference point

Question 2

How are distractors used in target displacement studies, what do they show

Answer 2

they add a level of complexity to the trials so that now you must tell if the target moved or if it was the distractor.

If you reach the target, but mis-report which moved (target or distractor) then it means you were consciously unaware of the change, but adjusted for it unconsciously

Question 3

Describe the reversed movement trials in illusions of space consistency

Answer 3

Point to target as quick and accurate as possible and, if target jumps, reverse movement.

HOW IS THIS SIGNIFICANT FROM THE OTHER TEST (IDK just memorize)

Shows that they were wrong, they reversed movements when ever target blanked whether or not the target or the distractor moved

Question 4

Describe the main point that the studies in illusions of space consistency during pointing show (where target jumps during saccade)

Answer 4

• They show that the conscious system (ventral stream) can produce separate results from the unconscious dorsal stream.
• The dorsal stream will always get your hand to the target but the ventral stream will not be able to identify that which object jumped (target or distraction)
• control of movement is separate from conscious experience

Question 5

Describe congruent, incongruent and neutral trials in visual masking

Answer 5

Congruent is when the direction indicated by the mask matches the direction of the final arrow. This causes for the fastest reaction

Incongruent is when the mask doesn’t match and leads to the slowest reaction times

Neutral is when the mask doesn’t suggest any direction and results are faster than incongruent but slower than congruent.

(should know how to draw this, would look like x with horizontal line through it)

Question 6

Describe visual masking and conscious perception vs unconscious action

what has the best reaction time and what does this mean

Answer 6

Visual masking would be if something with an implicit spatial coding like arrow (would be the prime) came right before a large arrow (the mask) quick enough that you don’t notice the first one.

Prime comes first, followed by mask

Because reaction times are quickest with the congruent mask but you are not aware, means that your unconscious action is different than your conscious perception.

Question 7

what happens if the prime is shown followed by no mask

Answer 7

You will actually notice the prime, it is only when the mask is shown after that you no longer notice the prime.

Question 8

Describe 4 dot masking

Answer 8

• Shapes are shown in an area, you are asked to tell which shape is inside the 4 dots.
• more shapes in the area make it harder to tell which shape was in the 4 dots, if 4 dots stay longer than the shape, you forget the shape inside them, just like masking with the arrows.
• The size of the circles also influence the time it takes to react, smaller take longer than large.