lec 3-4 Flashcards
Explicit vs implicit adaptation
explicit, you are not aware of adaptations
implicit you are aware of adaptations
Describe basic protocol for studies examining sensorymotor adaptation
Pre-test: test baseline first
Exposure: test while manipulating something e.g. forcefield, or prism glasses.
- Error signals sent to controller and adaptation occurs here.
Post test: remove perturbation and observe effect on participants.
De-adaptation phase - adapt back to normal
Describe visuomotor rotation protocol and how it is used to study adaptation
Visuomotor rotation protocol is when the feedback given to a participant is rotated to one side.
This initially creates a sensory prediction error and makes controller adjust accordingly.
Leads to adaptation that can be seen from pre-test to perturbed state and lasting over post-testing.
destinguish between implicit and explicit learning processes in sensorimotor adaptation
implicit: nervous system adapts to environment using error signals. Unaware of this.
explicit: a learned strategy such as “aim to the left to hit the target”. You are aware fo this.
distinguish between the different sources of error that can drive adaptation
Target error: Difference between feedback e,g, cursor, and target location.
- DRIVES EXPLICIT LEARNING STRATEGIES TO HIT TARGET (CONSCIOUS)
Sensory prediction error: Difference between expected sensory feedback and actual feedback. Cursor position vs intended hand position.
- DRIVES IMPLICIT LEARNING TO MEET TARGET VIA ERROR CODES (UNCONSCIOUS)
what happens after a while doing tests with visuomotor rotation in terms of accuracy.
The explicit strategy initially takes over and you see adaptation to meet target.
After this, the implicit learning adds to explicit, and you start to see an increasing error overshooting the target in the direction of rotation (e.g. if your feedback is rotated clockwise, you start drifting more clockwise)
This is because they are no longer focussing on the real target, but the neighbouring target. So every time they see the feedback going to the left in their periphery, they get a sensory prediction error which causes them to unconsciously try to move the feedback to where they are focussed (the neighbouring target).
Proof that implicit learning occurs with rotated visual feedback even when explicit strategy is given
Proof implicit learning has occurred is the fact that there are after effects in post test where they miss the target. If it was all implicit, they would b able to go right back to hitting it in the post test.
They ran a separate test where the explicit strategy was given (aim to neighbouring target) but no altered visual feedback, and they were able to hit targets immediately with no adaptation needed.
overall learning = ?
use: explicit, implicit
explicit + implicit
(Think about graph)
When asked to do an aim report with visuomotor rotation, how much of the difference between the target and where your hand is actually pointing can be attributed to explicit vs implicit learning
Explicit learning is from target to wherever you report you’re aiming. Implicit learning accounts for any discrepancy in where you report you are aiming, and where you are actually aiming.
total = overall learning
why is explicit and implicit adaptation important to study
can help people recover from injury or neurological conditions
explicit strategy can teach people movement patterns while implicit adaptation gradually reshapes the nervous system
