Lec 4

Question 1

What is SALB?

Answer 1

south American leaf blight
the limiter of rubber production

Question 2

How old are rubber toys?

Answer 2

Go back to the 1400s

Question 3

Where was rubber first supplied from?

Answer 3

Brazil

Question 4

What is fordlandia?

Answer 4

Rubber plantation of 3500 ha monoculture style

Question 5

Where was SALB most prevalent?

Answer 5

Around the equator in tropical areas

Question 6

What is propagation?

Answer 6

breeding plants naturally

Question 7

What are examples of propagation?

Answer 7

• Budding (grafts)
• seeds
• cuttings from young trees
• air layering
• tissue culture

Question 8

What is Hevea Brasiliensis

Answer 8

Rubber tree

Question 9

When are leaves susceptible?

Answer 9

When they are young

Question 10

Why would grafting be beneficial?

Answer 10

to adopt traits in order to create the most optimal plant

Question 11

What is the role of rubber in plants?

Answer 11

• rubber containing latex plays a role in disease resistance, wound healing or tolerance to stress
• anti-fungal and coagulant proteins
• prevents herbivory and traps insects
• prevents damage to photosynthetic apparatus under conditions of cold temp and high light

Question 12

What is phloem?

Answer 12

conducting vessel

Question 13

Do latex vessels run clockwise or counterclockwise from vertical

Answer 13

counter-clockwise

Question 14

What percentage of latex in rubber trees is rubber?

Answer 14

30%

Question 15

What does latex consist of?

Answer 15

gums, proteins, sugars, oils, salts, alkaloidal drugs, enzymes, and other substances

Question 16

How old do rubber trees need to be before tapping?

Answer 16

5-8

Question 17

How to tap a rubber tree?

Answer 17

• Tap 3 times per week for 6 months then give a 3 month break
• hormones and herbicides to stimulate flow
• flow for 1-4 hrs
• anticoagulant in cup

Question 18

What is another source of latex rubber?

Answer 18

milk weed and dandelions

Question 19

Synthetic rubber characteristics?

Answer 19

Weak, less elastic, conducts heat less well, non-renewable, not as weather-bearing

Question 20

What are signs of SALB?

Answer 20

Grey/green spots under leaves
- necrosis
- young first
- lesions on stem
- death of tree

Question 21

What is pseudocercospora ulei?

Answer 21

the pathogen that is SALB

Question 22

What is perithecia?

Answer 22

infective ascospores secual

Question 23

What are conidia?

Answer 23

Infective asexual spores

Question 24

What is Pycnidiospores?

Answer 24

Not infective

Question 25

How long can ascospores survive?

Answer 25

several months

Question 26

How long can conidia survive?

Answer 26

10-14 days

Question 27

How are spores spread?

Answer 27

• wind, rain, animals, insects, people, seed bourne possibly

Question 28

How do ascospores infect the tree?

Answer 28

penetrate the lower epidermis of a leaf and travel within or between veins within hours

Question 29

How do conidia infect the tree?

Answer 29

break through the lower epidermis within days and weeks

Question 30

Crown budding does what to resistance?

Answer 30

Increases it, makes trees more tolerable

Question 31

What is intercropping?

Answer 31

planting two types of plants in one field in order to decrease diseases

Question 32

What are biological controls of P.ulei

Answer 32

Mycoparasites and endophytes

Question 33

What is a sustainable farming company talked about in this lecture about rubber?

Answer 33

Michelin tire company

Question 34

What is the recycled flip flop company?

Answer 34

Havaianas