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ENVS 2040 > Lec 3 > Flashcards

Lec 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where did coffee originate from?

A

Sri lanka

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2
Q

What is the path that coffee rust spread?

A

Sri lanka, brasil, most areas except hawaii, then hawaii

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3
Q

What country has 45% of the worlds exports of coffee?

A

Brazil

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4
Q

Sri Lanka is now the largest producer of what?

A

Lipton Tea!

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5
Q

What are the most common coffees

A

Arabica and Robusta (canephora)

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6
Q

How many species of coffee are there? and how many are important?

A

3 of the 120 species are important

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7
Q

Which coffee species is more resistant to rust?

A

Canephora

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8
Q

Is a coffee cherry a fruit?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What are the establishment years of coffee production?

A

years 1-3

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10
Q

What are productive years of coffee production?

A

4-27

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11
Q

What are the aged coffee years?

A

27 years +

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12
Q

What are pros of shade grown coffee?

A
  • Less weeds
  • less pathogens
  • protection from frost
  • reduced soil erosion
  • usually organic
  • better taste
  • higher biodiversity (helps control pests and diseases)
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13
Q

What are pros and cons of sun grown coffee?

A
  • Faster growth
  • generally higher yield
  • pesticide use is common
  • clear cutting forests is needed - soil erosion
  • decreased taste
  • less biodiversity
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14
Q

What is rustic shade?

A

family farms that have little alteration to native vegetation 70%-100% coverage

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15
Q

What is traditional polyculture shade?

A

Coffee grown under a combination of native forest trees and planted tree and plant species - including fruit and vegetables - 60%-90% coverage

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16
Q

What is commercial polyculture shade?

A

planted timber and fruit trees, pruned canopy trees and includes pesticides and fertilizers 30%-50% coverage

17
Q

What is shaded monoculture?

A

Dense plantings under an over story of only one or two tree species 10%-30% shade coverage

18
Q

What is full sun?

A

No tree canopy of few trees 0% shade coverage

19
Q

What is Chlorosis?

A

Discolouration on leaf

20
Q

What are symptoms of coffee rust?

A
  • Mainly effect young cherries
  • lower leaves first effected
  • Yellow - orange spots on under side of leaf
  • chlorosis on upper side of leaf
21
Q

What is the coffee rust pathogen?

A

Hemileia vastarix

22
Q

How does coffee rust survive?

A

in mycelium in living tissue
- can survive up to six weeks

23
Q

How is coffee rust dispersed?

A

Urediniospores mainly dispersed by rain and wind but can be dispersed by man or plant material

24
Q

What is needed for Coffee rust infection?

A

-24-48 hrs of continuous wetness
- lesions after 10-24 days
- 4-6 lifecycles per year (Up to 400 000 spores released per lesion)

25
Q

What is the coffee rust disease cycle?

A
  • Urediniospore is deposited on healthy coffee leaves
  • ’’ contacts the stomata on the lower side of the leaf and germinates
  • hyphae allow the fungus to pass into the internal tissue and colonize - absorbs the nutrients necessary for growth of the fungus
  • sporulation and dissemination
26
Q

What effects will global warming have on coffee rust?

A

Since coffee rust needs warmer locations to thrive, with global warming, there will be an increase in germination locations

27
Q

How to manage coffee rust?

A
  • Monitor (constantly bc its perennial)
  • Eradication wont happen
  • aim to reduce pathogen sporulation, dissemination and infection
  • get a certified seed (free from pathogens)
28
Q

Why is quarantine necessary?

A

To ensure less spread and no spread to new locations and countries

29
Q

What is Mixed culture?

A

When there is a rotation of crops or when two types of crop are planted in the same field - rubber trees and coffee bushes

30
Q

What is a benefit of intercropping?

A

Some plants release chemicals that inhibit the germination of some diseases and other things

31
Q

What is Hyperparasitism?

A

Parasite of a parasite

32
Q

What is Open Source Agronomy?

A

When farmers allow for free access to processes and findings to create fairness and spread results of good techniques.

ENVS 2040 (6 decks)

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