Lec 3 Flashcards
Where did coffee originate from?
Sri lanka
What is the path that coffee rust spread?
Sri lanka, brasil, most areas except hawaii, then hawaii
What country has 45% of the worlds exports of coffee?
Brazil
Sri Lanka is now the largest producer of what?
Lipton Tea!
What are the most common coffees
Arabica and Robusta (canephora)
How many species of coffee are there? and how many are important?
3 of the 120 species are important
Which coffee species is more resistant to rust?
Canephora
Is a coffee cherry a fruit?
Yes
What are the establishment years of coffee production?
years 1-3
What are productive years of coffee production?
4-27
What are the aged coffee years?
27 years +
What are pros of shade grown coffee?
- Less weeds
- less pathogens
- protection from frost
- reduced soil erosion
- usually organic
- better taste
- higher biodiversity (helps control pests and diseases)
What are pros and cons of sun grown coffee?
- Faster growth
- generally higher yield
- pesticide use is common
- clear cutting forests is needed - soil erosion
- decreased taste
- less biodiversity
What is rustic shade?
family farms that have little alteration to native vegetation 70%-100% coverage
What is traditional polyculture shade?
Coffee grown under a combination of native forest trees and planted tree and plant species - including fruit and vegetables - 60%-90% coverage
What is commercial polyculture shade?
planted timber and fruit trees, pruned canopy trees and includes pesticides and fertilizers 30%-50% coverage
What is shaded monoculture?
Dense plantings under an over story of only one or two tree species 10%-30% shade coverage
What is full sun?
No tree canopy of few trees 0% shade coverage
What is Chlorosis?
Discolouration on leaf
What are symptoms of coffee rust?
- Mainly effect young cherries
- lower leaves first effected
- Yellow - orange spots on under side of leaf
- chlorosis on upper side of leaf
What is the coffee rust pathogen?
Hemileia vastarix
How does coffee rust survive?
in mycelium in living tissue
- can survive up to six weeks
How is coffee rust dispersed?
Urediniospores mainly dispersed by rain and wind but can be dispersed by man or plant material
What is needed for Coffee rust infection?
-24-48 hrs of continuous wetness
- lesions after 10-24 days
- 4-6 lifecycles per year (Up to 400 000 spores released per lesion)
What is the coffee rust disease cycle?
- Urediniospore is deposited on healthy coffee leaves
- ’’ contacts the stomata on the lower side of the leaf and germinates
- hyphae allow the fungus to pass into the internal tissue and colonize - absorbs the nutrients necessary for growth of the fungus
- sporulation and dissemination
What effects will global warming have on coffee rust?
Since coffee rust needs warmer locations to thrive, with global warming, there will be an increase in germination locations
How to manage coffee rust?
- Monitor (constantly bc its perennial)
- Eradication wont happen
- aim to reduce pathogen sporulation, dissemination and infection
- get a certified seed (free from pathogens)
Why is quarantine necessary?
To ensure less spread and no spread to new locations and countries
What is Mixed culture?
When there is a rotation of crops or when two types of crop are planted in the same field - rubber trees and coffee bushes
What is a benefit of intercropping?
Some plants release chemicals that inhibit the germination of some diseases and other things
What is Hyperparasitism?
Parasite of a parasite
What is Open Source Agronomy?
When farmers allow for free access to processes and findings to create fairness and spread results of good techniques.
