lec 4

Question 1

the esophagus enter the diaphgram at level

Answer 1

T10

Question 2

esophagus Gradually pass again to median plane

Answer 2

at level of T5

Question 3

we have on the left part of cervical esophagus

Answer 3

thyroid gland
left subclavian artery
thoracic duct separating it from left pleura

Question 4

arterial supply of esophagus

Answer 4

Upper third by inferior thyroid artery.
Middle third by esophageal branches of descending thoracic aorta.
Lower third by esophageal branches of left gastric artery

Question 5

posterior relations of cervical part of esophagus

Answer 5

prevertebral fascia overlying anterior longitudinal ligament and longus coli muscles

Question 6

anterior relations of cervical part of esophagus

Answer 6

trachea and recurrent laryngeal nerves on both sides

Question 7

right relations of cervical part of esophagus

Answer 7

thyroid gland

at the root of the neck with cervical pleura

Question 8

cervical part of esophagus is related on each side with

Answer 8

carotid sheath

Question 9

anterior relations of thoracic part of esophagus

Answer 9

From above downwards: Trachea, right

pulmonary artery, left principal bronchus, pericardium (separates esophagus from left atrium), and diaphragm

Question 10

thoracic part of esophagus passes through

Answer 10

superior mediastinum

then posterior mediastinum

Question 11

posterior relations of thoracic part of esophagus

Answer 11

longus coli, thoracic vertebra, thoracic duct, azygos vein, terminal parts of hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins, right posterior intercostals arteries, and inferiorly, close to diaphragm, the descending thoracic aorta.

Question 12

right relations of thoracic part of esophagus

Answer 12

Mediastinal pleura and the arch of the azygos vein

Question 13

left relations of thoracic part of esophagus

Answer 13

In the superior mediastinum, it is related to the aortic arch, the left subclavian artery, the thoracic duct, and mediastinal pleura. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve ascends in the groove between esophagus and trachea.
In the posterior mediastinum, it is related to descending thoracic aorta and mediastinal pleura.

Question 14

venous drainage of esophagus

Answer 14

From upper third into inferior thyroid veins.
From middle third into azygos veins.
From lower third into left gastric vein, a
tributary of portal vein.

Question 15

the esophagus is lined by

Answer 15

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

the ligamentum teres (the obliterated remains of the

Answer 16

the umblical vein

Question 17

the median umblical ligament (the obliterated remains

Answer 17

of urachus

Question 18

medial umbelical ligament is the obliterate of

Answer 18

umbelical artery

Question 19

lateral umblical folds contain

Answer 19

the inferior epigastric artery