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bio > lec 3 cell structure and function > Flashcards

lec 3 cell structure and function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name 2 things that can diffuse through the plasma membrane and why

A

water - polar, small
oxygen, non polar

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2
Q

Name 3 things that can not diffuse through the plasma membrane and why

A

amino acid - polar, large
glucose - polar large
ions -charged

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3
Q

describe plasma membrane, what does it permability depend on?

A

semipermeable phospholipid bilayer that defines the cell boundary
permeability depends on the proteins it has

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4
Q

lack internal membrane bound compartments including nucleus

A

prokaryotic cell

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5
Q

what is larger prokaryotic cell or eukaryotes

A

eukaryotes

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6
Q

all of the compoents of a cell minus the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

cytosol

A

all of the contents of a cell minus all organelles

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8
Q

where are proteins and lipids made

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

what are 2 types of ER

A

rough, smooth

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10
Q

what is rough ER

A

ribosomes stud surface

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11
Q

what do ribosomes do

A

maufactue proteins that are to be shuttled around the cell

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12
Q

what does smooth ER do

A

connected to rough ER
lacks ribosomes
marks portions of the ER where vesicles bud off

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13
Q

what are vesicles?

A

bud off from smooth ER, transport proteins+lipids out of ER

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14
Q

what does golgi apparatus do

A

directs proteins and lipids produced by ER to their final destination

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15
Q

what does the golgi apparatus look like? what surrounds it?

A

series of flattened membrane sacs surrounded by many small vesicles

vesicles travel b/w sacs

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16
Q

vesicles than contain enzymes used to break down sugars, proteins and fats

A

lysosomes

17
Q

vacuoles

A

similar to lysosomes (breakdown unwanted macros)

water+nutrient storage
found only in plants and fungi

18
Q

what do mitochondria do

A

power house
break down sugar and make ATP

19
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

break down sugar and make ATP

20
Q

cell found only in plants, what special cell does this organelle contain?

A

chloroplast

Thylakoids: contain chlorophyll which makes them green

21
Q

what do chloroplasts do?

A

photosynthesis

22
Q

what is photosynthesis? what does it use during the process? what is a waste product?

A

capture energy from sun to produce sugar
use CO2 and water in process
O2 is waste product

23
Q

what are microtubules and where are they found

A

polymers of tubulin (protein)
found in cytoskeleton

24
Q

maintains cell shape and oranelle distribution

A

cytokeleton

25
Q

explain pseudopedia

A

‘false feet’: flattened sheets of plasma membrane extended by actin filament

26
Q

characteristics of a prokaryote and examples

A

-Smaller; unicellular
-NO membrane-bound organelles
-NO nucleus
-plasma membrane and cell wall
-DNA is naked
Examples: Bacteria and archaea

27
Q

characteristics of a eukaryote and examples

A

-Larger; multi- or unicellular
-Membrane-bound organelles
-Has nucleus
-All have plasma membrane, some have
cell wall (plants)
-DNA bound to proteins
Examples: Animal, plant, protist, and fungi
cells

28
Q

what is the fluid mosaic model?

A

lateral movement of membrane components

membrane flexible and fluid

29
Q

what are organelles

A

cytoplasmic structure with a specific function

30
Q

what is the function of the nucleus? What is the nuclear envelope? What is found on the nuclear envelope, what’s their function?

A

contains DNA

nuclear envelope: double membrane, has nuclear pores

nuclear pores: allow molecules in/out of nucleus

31
Q

Why is DNA packed on protiens?

A

DNA packed tightly on proteins to conserve physical space

32
Q

What is lumen?

A

internal space of ER

33
Q

What is the ER connected to?

A

Nuclear envelope

34
Q

What is the function of both bound (inside) and free (outside) ribosomes

what do they make, where do the products go

A

bound ribosomes: make proteins to travel to
other organelles

free ribosomes: make proteins which stay
in the cytosol

35
Q

outline the journey of vesicles starting from the smooth ER

A

Smooth ER–>

Golgi apparatus (contents of vesicle modified) –>

destination

36
Q

How do lysosomes receive molecules? What is notable about lysosome’s lumen?

A

vesicles

acidic lumen (pH 5)

37
Q

structure of mitochondria?

A

pod-shaped surrounded by double membrane

38
Q

what are microfilaments made of, where are they found?

A

protein actin

cytoskeleton

39
Q

what is the cytoskeleton made of?

A

microtubules and microfilaments

bio (12 decks)

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