lec 3 cell structure and function Flashcards
Name 2 things that can diffuse through the plasma membrane and why
water - polar, small
oxygen, non polar
Name 3 things that can not diffuse through the plasma membrane and why
amino acid - polar, large
glucose - polar large
ions -charged
describe plasma membrane, what does it permability depend on?
semipermeable phospholipid bilayer that defines the cell boundary
permeability depends on the proteins it has
lack internal membrane bound compartments including nucleus
prokaryotic cell
what is larger prokaryotic cell or eukaryotes
eukaryotes
all of the compoents of a cell minus the nucleus
cytoplasm
cytosol
all of the contents of a cell minus all organelles
where are proteins and lipids made
endoplasmic reticulum
what are 2 types of ER
rough, smooth
what is rough ER
ribosomes stud surface
what do ribosomes do
maufactue proteins that are to be shuttled around the cell
what does smooth ER do
connected to rough ER
lacks ribosomes
marks portions of the ER where vesicles bud off
what are vesicles?
bud off from smooth ER, transport proteins+lipids out of ER
what does golgi apparatus do
directs proteins and lipids produced by ER to their final destination
what does the golgi apparatus look like? what surrounds it?
series of flattened membrane sacs surrounded by many small vesicles
vesicles travel b/w sacs
vesicles than contain enzymes used to break down sugars, proteins and fats
lysosomes
vacuoles
similar to lysosomes (breakdown unwanted macros)
water+nutrient storage
found only in plants and fungi
what do mitochondria do
power house
break down sugar and make ATP
what is cellular respiration
break down sugar and make ATP
cell found only in plants, what special cell does this organelle contain?
chloroplast
Thylakoids: contain chlorophyll which makes them green
what do chloroplasts do?
photosynthesis
what is photosynthesis? what does it use during the process? what is a waste product?
capture energy from sun to produce sugar
use CO2 and water in process
O2 is waste product
what are microtubules and where are they found
polymers of tubulin (protein)
found in cytoskeleton
maintains cell shape and oranelle distribution
cytokeleton
explain pseudopedia
‘false feet’: flattened sheets of plasma membrane extended by actin filament
characteristics of a prokaryote and examples
-Smaller; unicellular
-NO membrane-bound organelles
-NO nucleus
-plasma membrane and cell wall
-DNA is naked
Examples: Bacteria and archaea
characteristics of a eukaryote and examples
-Larger; multi- or unicellular
-Membrane-bound organelles
-Has nucleus
-All have plasma membrane, some have
cell wall (plants)
-DNA bound to proteins
Examples: Animal, plant, protist, and fungi
cells
what is the fluid mosaic model?
lateral movement of membrane components
membrane flexible and fluid
what are organelles
cytoplasmic structure with a specific function
what is the function of the nucleus? What is the nuclear envelope? What is found on the nuclear envelope, what’s their function?
contains DNA
nuclear envelope: double membrane, has nuclear pores
nuclear pores: allow molecules in/out of nucleus
Why is DNA packed on protiens?
DNA packed tightly on proteins to conserve physical space
What is lumen?
internal space of ER
What is the ER connected to?
Nuclear envelope
What is the function of both bound (inside) and free (outside) ribosomes
what do they make, where do the products go
bound ribosomes: make proteins to travel to
other organelles
free ribosomes: make proteins which stay
in the cytosol
outline the journey of vesicles starting from the smooth ER
Smooth ER–>
Golgi apparatus (contents of vesicle modified) –>
destination
How do lysosomes receive molecules? What is notable about lysosome’s lumen?
vesicles
acidic lumen (pH 5)
structure of mitochondria?
pod-shaped surrounded by double membrane
what are microfilaments made of, where are they found?
protein actin
cytoskeleton
what is the cytoskeleton made of?
microtubules and microfilaments
