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bio > lec 10 brain and nervous system > Flashcards

lec 10 brain and nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous system?

A

body’s electrochemical communication network

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2
Q

What are the 2 main categories of the nervous system? What are their functions?

A

Central nervous system (CNS)-decision maker

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)-delivery system

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3
Q

What is the function of the PNS? What is it made of?

A

-link CNS w/ sensory receptors, muscles and glands

-nerves that lie outside of brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What are the parts of the CNS? What are their functions?

A

Spinal cord
- transmits info b/w brain to rest of body thru PNS
-handles simple reflexes
-attached to brain

Brain

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5
Q

What are the 3 main divisions of the brain?

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

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6
Q

What is the function if each division of the brain?

A

Forebrain: higher cognitive fxns

Midbrain: movement, seeing, hearing

Hindbrain: subconscious processes

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7
Q

What is the brainstem? What is its function?

A

central core of brain

starts where spinalcord swells as it enters skull

automatic survival functions

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem? Where are they?

A

Medulla- base of brainstem
pons- above medulla
midbrain- inside brainstem

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9
Q

What are the functions of each part of the brainstem?

A

Medulla: heartbeat, breathing

Pons: movement and sleep

midbrain: vision, body movement, hearing

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10
Q

What is the crossover point, and where does it happen?

A

brain nerves cross over and connect with body’s opposite side

brainstem

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of the forebrain?

A

Cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus

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12
Q

What is the cerebellum? Where is it?

A

hindbrain’s “little brain”

attached to rear of brainstem

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13
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

voluntary movements and balance

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14
Q

What is the Thalamus, where is it?

A

-top of brainstem

-receives+sends sensory info

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15
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

system of neural structures at boarder of brainstem + cerebrum

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16
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

emotional brain
Four f’s : fight, flight, feeding, fornication

17
Q

What are the 3 parts of the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus

18
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

emotion
enables aggression, fear, anger

19
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located? What is it’s function?

A

below thalamus

-homeostatis

-governs endocrine system via pituitary gland

20
Q

What does the hippocampus control?

A

-memories
-connects to amygdala to connect memories to emotions

21
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex? Where are they?

A

frontal lobe: front near eyes

parietal lobe: middle

occipital lobe: back

temporal lobe: above ears (under these 3)

22
Q

What is the function of each lobe of the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal:
-problem solving

Parietal:
-speech
-touch
-taste

Occipital:
-vision

Temporal:
-sound
-smell

23
Q

What is lateralization?

A

greater localization of function in 1 hemisphere
-left and right brain
-hemispheres work TOGETHER not VS

24
Q

What is each hemisphere of the brain responsible for?

A

left:
rational, verbal, reading, writing

right: creative, spatial, perception of emotions

25
Q

together the ____ and ___ make up the brainstem

A

midbrain and hindbrain

26
Q

the bumps and folds of the brain

A

gyri

27
Q

What is it called when brain generates new neurons?

A

Neurogenesis

28
Q

What is plasticity?

A

ability of a brain to change
continuously throughout an individual’s life

29
Q

If someone is blind, does their brain not use the space linked to vision?

A

FALSE, neurons can re-map themselves

-able to adapt unused space for other functions

30
Q

what is true about gyri?

A

different gyri have different known functions

31
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates the two halves of the cerebrum

32
Q

the size of a cortex devoted to a body part depends on…?

A

its importance and frequency of use

33
Q

precentral gyrus

A

motor cortex (movement)

34
Q

post-central gyrus

A

sensory cortex

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