lec 1 biological diversity Flashcards
what is a cell?
basic unit of life
tiny, self-contained units, make up all living organisms
Population
group of interacting individuals of a single species located within a particular area
Divergent evolution
one species, or closely related species, acquire enough variations in their traits, leads to two distinct new species
what is the concept of homeostasis
maintaining internal conditions
all losses for cell MUST = all gains
Community
association of populations of different species that live in the same area
what are convergent characteristics?
shared features NOT from common ancestor
What are Angiosperms? What do they do?
first flowers (defining feature)
flower used for pollination (sexual reproduction)
Species
group of interbreeding organisms, produce fertile offspring
What is Systematics?
science of naming+classifying organisms and determining their relationships
What are Gymnosperms? What do they do?
first plants to evolve seeds
seeds incase plant embryos+provide nutrients
what are the shared characteristics of life?
6 pts
living organisms…
-composed of cells
-reproduce using DNA
-take energy from environment
-adapt to environment
-maintain internal conditions
-evolve as groups
How do plants gain energy? Animals?
plants: energy from sun for photosynthesis
animals: consuming organisms
what is evolution?
change in characteristics of species over time
what is the concept of energy flow? How does energy flow on earth? What is an important producer?
energy created by producers + used by consumers
sun–> producers –> consumers
Plants
How is an evolutionary tree organized?
descendants at tips of branches, traced back to common ancestor
What is the concept of a common ancestor? What can it result in?
all living things evolved from common ancestor
results in some shared features
What are shared derived features? What are the used for?
shared characteristics derived from common ancestor
determine evolutionary relationships
What are the seven classifications used in the Linnaean Hierarchy. in what order are they organized?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
organized from biggest –> smallest
(remember with King Philip Cleaned Our Filthy Gym Shorts)
How are species named in Linnaean Hierarchy?
two-part latin name
What is a domain?
Level higher than kingdom, describes basic division of organisms
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
What does each kingdom pertain to?
Bacteria
* Prokaryotic; first to evolve from common ancestor; some disease causing
Archaea
* Prokaryotic; survive extreme environments
Protista
* Primitive, reps early stage evolution of multicellularity, oldest eukaryotic kingdom
Plantae
* Multicellular, photosynthesis
Fungi
* mushroom-producing species, molds, yeasts, key decomposers
Animalia
* multicellular organisms. Evolved tissues, organs and organ systems, complex behaviors
What is it called when a prokaryote can live in the presence of oxygen ? Without oxygen?
Aerobe
Anaerobe
How do prokaryotes obtain energy?
-consuming organisms
-consume carbon-containing compounds
-photosynthesis
-from iron or ammonia
What are 2 things every organism needs to survive?
source of energy + source of carbon
What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes have no organelles, eukaryotes do
What else did angiosperms evolve? What is the use?
Fruit
attracts animals, animals eat+dispurse seeds
What are the 3 main structures of an angiosperm and what are their purposes?
stamen- male reproductive system (makes pollen, pollen makes sperm)
carpel- female reproductive system (stigma adheres pollen)
ovary- has ovule, makes female gamete (seed) (can develop into fruit)
How do fungi obtain nutrients? How do they reproduce?
digest food externally, then absorb nutrients
spores are reproductive cells
reproduce by matiry types (NOT M/F)
What are tissues
collection of cells with specific function
What is an organ
body parts composed of multiple tissues, perform specific task
what is an organ system
collection of organs, perform specialized task
What are the 2 lineages of development with respect to body cavity? What do they mean?
Protostomes- mouth forms first
Deuterostomes- anus forms first
What is an ecosystem?
community of organisms+ their physical environment
