lec 1 biological diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a cell?

A

basic unit of life

tiny, self-contained units, make up all living organisms

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2
Q

Population

A

group of interacting individuals of a single species located within a particular area

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3
Q

Divergent evolution

A

one species, or closely related species, acquire enough variations in their traits, leads to two distinct new species

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4
Q

what is the concept of homeostasis

A

maintaining internal conditions

all losses for cell MUST = all gains

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5
Q

Community

A

association of populations of different species that live in the same area

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6
Q

what are convergent characteristics?

A

shared features NOT from common ancestor

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7
Q

What are Angiosperms? What do they do?

A

first flowers (defining feature)

flower used for pollination (sexual reproduction)

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8
Q

Species

A

group of interbreeding organisms, produce fertile offspring

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9
Q

What is Systematics?

A

science of naming+classifying organisms and determining their relationships

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10
Q

What are Gymnosperms? What do they do?

A

first plants to evolve seeds

seeds incase plant embryos+provide nutrients

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11
Q

what are the shared characteristics of life?

6 pts

A

living organisms…

-composed of cells
-reproduce using DNA
-take energy from environment
-adapt to environment
-maintain internal conditions
-evolve as groups

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12
Q

How do plants gain energy? Animals?

A

plants: energy from sun for photosynthesis

animals: consuming organisms

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13
Q

what is evolution?

A

change in characteristics of species over time

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14
Q

what is the concept of energy flow? How does energy flow on earth? What is an important producer?

A

energy created by producers + used by consumers

sun–> producers –> consumers

Plants

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15
Q

How is an evolutionary tree organized?

A

descendants at tips of branches, traced back to common ancestor

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16
Q

What is the concept of a common ancestor? What can it result in?

A

all living things evolved from common ancestor

results in some shared features

17
Q

What are shared derived features? What are the used for?

A

shared characteristics derived from common ancestor

determine evolutionary relationships

18
Q

What are the seven classifications used in the Linnaean Hierarchy. in what order are they organized?

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

organized from biggest –> smallest
(remember with King Philip Cleaned Our Filthy Gym Shorts)

19
Q

How are species named in Linnaean Hierarchy?

A

two-part latin name

20
Q

What is a domain?

A

Level higher than kingdom, describes basic division of organisms

21
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

22
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia

23
Q

What does each kingdom pertain to?

A

Bacteria
* Prokaryotic; first to evolve from common ancestor; some disease causing

Archaea
* Prokaryotic; survive extreme environments

Protista
* Primitive, reps early stage evolution of multicellularity, oldest eukaryotic kingdom

Plantae
* Multicellular, photosynthesis

Fungi
* mushroom-producing species, molds, yeasts, key decomposers

Animalia
* multicellular organisms. Evolved tissues, organs and organ systems, complex behaviors

24
Q

What is it called when a prokaryote can live in the presence of oxygen ? Without oxygen?

A

Aerobe

Anaerobe

25
Q

How do prokaryotes obtain energy?

A

-consuming organisms
-consume carbon-containing compounds
-photosynthesis
-from iron or ammonia

26
Q

What are 2 things every organism needs to survive?

A

source of energy + source of carbon

27
Q

What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes have no organelles, eukaryotes do

28
Q

What else did angiosperms evolve? What is the use?

A

Fruit

attracts animals, animals eat+dispurse seeds

29
Q

What are the 3 main structures of an angiosperm and what are their purposes?

A

stamen- male reproductive system (makes pollen, pollen makes sperm)

carpel- female reproductive system (stigma adheres pollen)

ovary- has ovule, makes female gamete (seed) (can develop into fruit)

30
Q

How do fungi obtain nutrients? How do they reproduce?

A

digest food externally, then absorb nutrients

spores are reproductive cells

reproduce by matiry types (NOT M/F)

31
Q

What are tissues

A

collection of cells with specific function

32
Q

What is an organ

A

body parts composed of multiple tissues, perform specific task

33
Q

what is an organ system

A

collection of organs, perform specialized task

34
Q

What are the 2 lineages of development with respect to body cavity? What do they mean?

A

Protostomes- mouth forms first

Deuterostomes- anus forms first

35
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

community of organisms+ their physical environment