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[OS 213] CVS Trans Cluster 2 > Lec 23 Diagnostics in Cardiology Adult ECG > Flashcards

Lec 23 Diagnostics in Cardiology Adult ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Primary impulse generator

A

SA node

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2
Q

Impulse Origin & Atrial Depolarization vector

A

Vector 1

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3
Q

Vector that results in the P wave

A

Vector 1

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4
Q

Septal Depolarization vector

A

Vector 2

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5
Q

small negative (downward) deflection in lead I (ECG: Q wave) and a positive (upward) deflection in lead aVF (R wave)

A

Vector 2

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6
Q

Apical & Early Left Depolarization Vector

A

Vector 3

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7
Q 
large positive (upward) deflection in lead I (R
wave) and extends R wave in lead AVF
A

Vector 3

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8
Q

Late Ventricular Depolarization Vector

A

Vector 4

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9
Q

R wave extended upwards in lead I, causing negative (downward) deflection in lead aVF (S wave).

A

Vector 4

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10
Q

Repolarization vector

A

Vector 5

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11
Q

ST segment ? whole heart fully
depolarized, therefore no electrical period for a
brief moment

A

Vector 5

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12
Q

upward (positive) deflection in leads I and aVF

T wave

A

Vector 5

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13
Q

What phase? Impulses from atria reach ventricles (rapid depolarization of ventricles)Rapid Na+ entry due to voltage-gated Na+ channels

A

Phase 0

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14
Q

What phase? Initial repolarization. Transient efflux of K+.

A

Phase 1

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15
Q

What phase? Influx of Na+ and Ca2+. Slow efflux of K+

A

Phase 2

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16
Q

What phase? Rapid efflux of K+ > Influx of Ca2+ and Na+

A

Phase 3

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17
Q

What phase? Active Na+/K+ pump: regain resting membrane potential

A

Phase 4

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18
Q

What lead is located at 4th ICS right parasternal border?

A

V1

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19
Q

What lead is located at 4th ICS left parasternal border

A

V2

20
Q

What lead is located at between V2 and V4

A

V3

21
Q

What lead is located at 5th ICS left midclavicular line

A

V4

22
Q

What lead is located at 5th ICS left anterior axillary line

A

V5

23
Q

What lead is located at 5th ICS left midaxillary line

A

V6

24
Q

How many seconds per small square?

A

0.04s

25
Q

How many volts per small square?

A

0.1mV

26
Q

from the start of P to start of Q

A

PR interval #mindfuck

27
Q

Used as a baseline to evaluate SA to the ventricle

A

PR segment

28
Q

ST depression

A

Ischemia

29
Q

ST elevation

A

Infarct

30
Q

Can trigger arrhythmias and is caused by hypokalemia and bradycardia

A

U wave

31
Q

T or F. U wave is a normal finding

A

F. It is a pathological finding

32
Q

What is the normal PR interval?

A

0.12 - 0.20 sec

33
Q

What is the normal QRS duration?

A

<0.12 sec

34
Q

What is the normal corrected QT interval?

A

<0.45 secs

35
Q

P wave is upright in almost all leads except

A

aVR

36
Q

R wave is smaller than the S wave in leads _____.

A

Precordial leads

37
Q

What are the complementary waves?

A

Lead I: aVF ; Lead II: aVL ; Lead III: aVR

38
Q

Lead I: (+) and Lead II: (-)

A

Left axis deviation

39
Q

Tall, peaked P wave at leads II, III, aVF

A

Right atrial enlargement

40
Q

Wide notching P wave at leads II; (-)P wave at V1

A

Left atrial enlargement

41
Q

Tall R at I, deep S at V5/V6

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

42
Q

In V1, (R wave)/(S wave) > 1; in V6, R/S < 1

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

43
Q

Tall R at V5/V6, deep S at I

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

44
Q

Transmural injury

A

ST elevation

45
Q

Subendocardial/nontransmural

A

ST depression

46
Q

significant Q waves and T wave inversions in leads I, V2, V3, and V4

A

Anterior wall or septo-apical wall infarcts

47
Q

significant Q waves and T wave inversions in leads II, III, aVF (and, with lateral damage, even V5, V6)

A

Inferior wall infarcts

[OS 213] CVS Trans Cluster 2 (8 decks)

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