Lec 22 Infective Endocarditis

Question 1

Vegetations are a collection of __________.

Answer 1

Platelet, fibrin, bacteria, response of the body

Question 2

Cause of acute endocarditis

Answer 2

S. aureus, Group B strep

Question 3

Cause of sub-acute endocarditis

Answer 3

Alpha hemolytic Streptococci, (Streptococcus viridans) or Enterococci

Question 4

Cause of early endocarditis

Answer 4

Coagulase negative Staphylococci (specifically S. epidermidis)

Question 5

Cause of late endocarditis

Answer 5

Staphylococci, alpha hemolytic, streptococci

Question 6

Most common etiologic organism in native valve IE in adults

Answer 6

Streptococci

Question 7

Early etiologic organism for prosthetic valve IE

Answer 7

Coagulase negative Staphylococci

Question 8

Late etiologic organism for prosthetic valve IE

Answer 8

Streptococci

Question 9

Occurs with genitourinary manipulation

Answer 9

Enterococcus

Question 10

Treatment of enterococcus

Answer 10

penicillin + gentamicin

Question 11

Characterized by a highly toxic febrile illness, frequent focal metastatic infection and central nervous system complication

Answer 11

COAGULASE-POSITIVE (S. aureus)

Question 12

Major cause of IE in all populations especially health care associated and in IV drug abuse

Answer 12

COAGULASE-POSITIVE (S. aureus)

Question 13

Treatment for coagulase-positive S.aureus

Answer 13

Nafcillin/Oxacillin

Question 14

Major cause of PVE during first year

Answer 14

coagulase-negative (S. epidermidis)

Question 15

HACEK organisms

Answer 15

Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella

Question 16

most common gram negative bacillus cause of IE

Answer 16

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 17

How many major and/or minor criteria are needed for definitive diagnosis of IE (Duke’s)

Answer 17

Two major criteria, OR One major & three minor, OR Five minor criteria

Question 18

What is needed for the rejection of IE as a diagnosis?

Answer 18

Sustained resolution of symptoms of endocarditis with antibiotic therapy for < 4days

Question 19

When is cardiac surgery considered?

Answer 19

Patient is not responding to antibiotics or if there is no improvement in the condition after 1 week