lec 22/23

Question 1

olfactory pathway reaches the telencephalon without relay through??

Answer 1

THALAMUS

Question 2

olfaction is perceived in what hemisphere?

Answer 2

IPSALATERAL

Question 3

Tumors at the base of the frontal lobe, especially olfactory groove meningiomas lead to compression of what>

Answer 3

Olfactory BULB and STALK

Question 4

loss or decreased smell is an early symptom in which neurodegenerative diseases

Answer 4

Parkinsons
Alzheimers
Korsakoffs

Question 5

olfactory hallucinations can be referred to as ???

smell of burning tires/rotten eggs d/t seizure at temporal lobe

Answer 5

UNCINATE Fits

Question 6

FOREBRAIN = WHAT 2 PARTS

Answer 6

Diencephalon + Telencephalon

Question 7

IN DEVELOPMENT, the forebrain portion of the neural tube bends how many degrees and changes the anatomical orientation

Answer 7

90 degrees

Question 8

Telencephalon OR diencephalon??

Cerebral Cortex
Subcortical Gray Nuclei: Amygdala
White Matter : Coprus Collosum/Anterior Commissure
lateral Hemispheres

Answer 8

TELENCEPHALON

Question 9

Telencephalon OR diencephalon??

Gray Matter: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus
Pineal Gland
Third Ventricle

Answer 9

DIENCEPHALON

Question 10

Fibers connecting cerebral cortex with subcortical areas =

Answer 10

INTERNAL CAPSULE

Question 11

What serves at the gateway to the cerebral cortex

Answer 11

THALAMUS

Question 12

collect contralateral DISCRIMINATIVE sense information + pain/temp before travelling to the postvcentral gyrus of the paracentral lobule

Answer 12

Ventral Posterior Lateral

Question 13

sensations from the fave are processed here and then sent to the post central gyrus

Answer 13

Ventral posterior Medial

Question 14

relays motor information from the cerebellum and basal ganglia to the primary motor cortex

Answer 14

Ventral Anterior

Question 15

ASSOCIATION Nuclei

connected to the prefrontal cortex, part of the limbic system

primitive drives, behavoir and memory

Answer 15

DORSOMEDIAL

Question 16

ASSOCIATION Nuclei

connected to the parietal-occipital-temporal association cortices

integrates and processes different stimuli

Answer 16

PULVINAR

Question 17

Thalamic Nuclei are organized into 3 functional groups

Answer 17

1. Specific Relay Nuclei
2. Association
3. Diffuse/Non Specific

Question 18

relays infromation from the mammillothalamic tract to the cingualte gyrus

relay nucleus of limbic system – consolidating new memories

Answer 18

Anterior Nucleus

Question 19

Does the reticular nucleus send fibers to the cerebral cortex

Answer 19

NO unlike other association nuclei

Question 20

Damage to what nuclei can lead to decreased arousal and alertness, loss of consciousness and coma

Answer 20

Diffuse Thalamic Nuclei

Question 21

Coma may be caused by small lesions in what area of the brain stem (especially upper pons/midbrain)?

Answer 21

Brain Stem Reticular Activating System

Question 22

Disruption of major sensory pathways

results in CONTRALATERAL Homonymous Hemianopia

Answer 22

LGN Damage

Question 23

Disruption of major sensory pathways

decreased sensations from contralateral body

discvriminative // Pain and temp

Answer 23

VPL Damage

Question 24

Disruption of major sensory pathways

decreased sensations from CONTRALATERAL FACE

Answer 24

VPM Damage

Question 25

# Disruption of major sensory pathways central hearing deficit, minor deficit

Answer 25

MGN Damage

Question 26

**central pain syndrome** usually following a stroke that involves the posterior cerebral artery that damages a portion of the VPL/VPM nuclei

Answer 26

Thalamic Syndrome

Question 27

Damage to which nuclei results in motor disturbances?

Answer 27

VA/VL | relay info from cerebellum or basal ganglia to cerebral cortex

Question 28

Prefontal Leucotomy involves destroying which nuclei | congitive/behavioral disturbances - emotional lability, apathy cant plan

Answer 28

DM Nuclei

Question 29

# K Korsakoff's Syndrome is common in alcholoics due to thiamine deficiency -- theres bilateral degeneration of what nuclei | anterograde amnesia (cant form longterm mems) // Confabulation

Answer 29

DM and mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus

Question 30

interconnections between the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures; contains critically important pathways including the descending pyramidal pathway and ascending sensory pathway

Answer 30

Internal Capsule

Question 31

# Divisions of the internal capsule between the head of the caudate nucleus & the lentiform nucleus

Answer 31

Anterior Limb

Question 32

# divisions of the internal capsule junction between anterior and posterior limbs

Answer 32

GENU

Question 33

# divisions of the internal capsule between the thalamus and the lentiform nucleus

Answer 33

Posterior Limb

Question 34

# Clinical Syndrome damage to the descending pyramidal fibers in the posterior genu and posterior limb l/t contralateral UMN hemiparesis of the body and lower face | Face = Arm = Leg

Answer 34

Pure Motor Stroke Hemiparesis | Most Common Clinical Syndrome

Question 35

# Clinical Syndrome damage to the descending pyramidal fibers and the ascending fibers from VPL/VPM to the primary somatosensory cortex causes **contralateral UMN paralysis** of the body and lower face and a **contralateral loss of discriminative senses**

Answer 35

Mixed Sensorimotor Stroke | crude pain/temp sensations remain bc consciousness reached in thalamus

Question 36

# Clinical Syndrome damage to the fibers of the VPL/VPM as well as damage to those nuclei in the thalamus; results in **hemisensory loss from the contralateral side of the body and face**

Answer 36

Pure Sensory Stroke

Question 37

Differentiate thalamic strokes from cortical strokes by the absence of

Answer 37

CORTICAL SIgns

Question 38

Strokes involving ACA, MCA, or PCA have what that LACUNAR strokes dont have

Answer 38

CORTICAL SIGNS