24

Question 1

upper motor neurons orginate from cell bodies from where?

Answer 1

cerebral cortex or brainstem

Question 2

PYRAMIDAL UMNs orginate from

Answer 2

Cerebral Cortex

Highest concentration in postcentral gyrus

Question 3

EXTRApyramidal UMNs orginate from

tend to be involved in posture/unconscious corrections

Answer 3

BRAINSTEM

Question 4

Corticospinal Tract axon pathway travels IPSILATERALLY through

Answer 4

Internal Capsule
Crus Cerebri (midbrain)

Decussates in medullary pyramids
contralateral along corticospinal trac

Question 5

CENTRAL CN7 palsy =

Answer 5

contralateral quarter face

Question 6

PERIPHERAL CN 7 palsy =

Answer 6

IPSILATERAL HALF FACE

Question 7

CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

damage ABOVE medullary pyramids =

Answer 7

CONTRALATERAL Paralysis

BELOW = IPSILATERAL

Question 8

CORTICOBULBAR TRACT

Damage to medial midbrain
Medial Pons
Medial Medulla

Answer 8

IPSILATERAL CN3 Damage
CN 6
Cn12

Question 9

Corticobulbar Tract and CN 7

CN 7 UMN controls:

Answer 9

Bilateral Upper half of face
Contralateral Lower half of face

Question 10

corticobulbar tract and CN 7

damage to CN 7-UMN = central palsy results in

Answer 10

No Paralysis to Upper Half of fave
Paralysis to contralateral lower half of face

Question 11

Corticobulbar Tract and CN 7

Damage to CN 7 LMN (Peripheral/Bells Palsy)

Answer 11

Paralysis to IPSILATERAL UPPER HALF FACE/IPSILATERAL LOWER HALF of Fave

Question 12

if you see weakness in face, think damage to ….

difficulty swallowing

Answer 12

CORTICOBULBAR TRACT

Question 13

What motor pathway is responsible for voluntary movement of distal muscles(hands and arms)

Answer 13

LATERAL Descending Pathway

Question 14

What motor pathway innervates the proximal and axial muscles to help maintain head position and posture

Answer 14

Medial or Ventromedial Descending pathway

Question 15

What is the ONLY tract responsible for fine movements of the hands

Answer 15

Lateral Corticospinal Tract

less likely to regain fine movement in hand after stroke bc no overlap

Question 16

MEDIAL part of motor homunculus controls what body part

Answer 16

LEGS

Question 17

MIDLINE parts of motor homunculus controls

Answer 17

ARMS

Question 18

LATERAL parts of motor homunculus controls

Answer 18

FACE

Question 19

What artery supplies the MEDIAL brain

Answer 19

ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY

motor weakness: Legs > Arm and face

Question 20

What artery supplies the LATERAL brain

Answer 20

Middle Cerebral Artery

Motor weakness: Arms/Face > LEgs

Question 21

Alternating Hemiplegia

IPSILATERAL CN3 Loss
UMN Loss contralateral face and body

eye closed and lateral strabismus

Answer 21

WEBER Syndrome

Question 22

Alternating Hemiplegia

IPSILATERAL CN6 Loss
UMN Loss Contralateral face/body

lateral rectus muscle paralyzed

Answer 22

Alternating Abducens Hemiplegia

Question 23

Alternating Hemiplegia

IPSILATERAL CN12 Loss
UMN Loss Contralateral Face and Body

tongue deviates to side of lesion

Answer 23

Medial Medullary Syndrome

Question 24

What supplies blood to the precentral gyrus

Answer 24

Middle Cerebral Artery

occlusion: paralysis in contra arm, hand and lower face

Question 25

What artery supplies blood to **PARACENTRAL lobule (primary motor cortex)**

Answer 25

Anterior Cerebral Artery | Occlusion: paralysis of contralateral leg and foot

Question 26

principal pathway for VOLUNTARY movements especially of the distal musculature

Answer 26

Lateral Corticospinal Tract

Question 27

What part of the internal capsule contains the **corticobulbar UMNs** from the cortex to the LMNs of cranial nerves

Answer 27

GENU | dmg here causes C/L UMN paralysis of lower face

Question 28

What part of the internal capsule contains the **Anterior Nucleus** to the cingulate gyrus and the **dorsomedial nucleus** to/from prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

Anterior Limb | dmg here = behavior disturbances with bilateral dmg

Question 29

What part of internal capsule contains **CORTICOSPINAL UMNs** from cortex to LMNs of the spinal cord and **VPL/VPM**

Answer 29

Posterior Limb | dmg here = C/L UMN hemiplegia with corticobulbar and C/L loss of discr

Question 30

the internal capsule, thalamus, and basal ganglia are supplied with blood from thin walled BV called

Answer 30

LENTICULOSTRIATE Vessels

Question 31

Damage to the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord causes what type of UMN symptoms

Answer 31

IPSILATERAL UMN sx from the lesion downward

Question 32

if the LMNs in the ventral gray, ventral roots or spinal nerve are damaged then you also get what type of LMN symptoms

Answer 32

IPSILATERAL LMN symptoms

Question 33

What type of tracts are more PRIMITIVE involved in UNSKILLED movements like posture, tone, balance, and reflexes used to maintain upright posture, orienting movements of head/neck Synapse on LMNs that control muscles near the midline including muscles of the trunk, head, neck and prox. limbs

Answer 33

EXTRApyramidal Tracts

Question 34

the **face and arm are more involved than the leg**, suggesting damage to what?

Answer 34

Precentral Gyrus | MIDDLE Cerebral Artery

Question 35

the **leg is more involved that the face and arm**, suggesting damage to what?

Answer 35

Paracentral Lobule | Anterior Cerebral Artery

Question 36

**HIGHER cortical signs** are present including aphasias is suggestive of an UMN lesion where?

Answer 36

Cerebral Cortex

Question 37

There is **equal weakness of arm, leg and face** is suggestive of an UMN lesion where?

Answer 37

INTERNAL CAPSULE | LACUNAR STROKES --- usuually branch of MCA

Question 38

There is **equal weakness or ARM and LEG**, central facial paralysis is present if midbrain is damaged is suggestive of UMN lesion where?

Answer 38

BRAIN STEM

Question 39

**Brown Sequard Syndrome** suggests that the UMN lesion is where? | UMN and driscriminative loss IPSIlateral, pain/temp loss C/L

Answer 39

SPINAL CORD