final

Question 1

lec 20

What are the 2 layers of the RETINA

Answer 1

Neural and Pigmented

light hits NEURAL layer before PIGMENTED

Question 2

lec 20

end point of neural retina =

Answer 2

ORA SERRATA

Question 3

lec 20

depressed area within macula

Answer 3

FOVEA CENTRALIS

Question 4

lec 20 development of eye

1. ____ buds out (diencephalon)

Answer 4

Neural Tube

Question 5

lec 20 development of eye

2. What folds onto itself to form the optic cup

Answer 5

Optic Vesicle

Question 6

lec 20 Development of eye

3. The optic is made up of how many layers:
4. what are the layers and what is the space in between

Answer 6

2 layers
Neural and Pigmented
Intraretinal Space

Question 7

Lec 20 DEvelopment of Eye

4. What part of the ectoderm attempts to insert itself into the optic cup

Answer 7

LENS PLACCODE

Question 8

Lec 20 Development of eye

What happens if the optic cup doesnt close entirely

Answer 8

COLOBOMA

Question 9

lec 20

light passes all cells and then strikes what?

Answer 9

Photorecptors
RODS and CONES

Question 10

lec 20 pathway of light transmission

Once the light strikes the PHOTORECPTORS, where is the signal sent next and then where??

Answer 10

BIPOLAR CELLS and then GANGLION Cells

Question 11

lec 20

Once the bipolar cell transmits to the ganglion cell, the Ganglion cell axons combine and travel towards what?

Answer 11

OPTIC Disc and NERVE

Question 12

lec 20

What direction does light travel
What direction does signl travel

Answer 12

LIGHT DOWN
SIGNAL UP

Question 13

lec 20

What area has the highest concentration of CONE RECEPTORS

Answer 13

FOVEA CENTRALIS and Macula Lutea

Question 14

lec 20

Is the fovea AVASCULAR?

Answer 14

YES

oxygen diffuses via CHOROID

Question 15

Lec 20

Why is the optic disc considered a BLIND SPOT

Answer 15

There are NO PHOTORECEPTORS
Contains acons of ganglion cells

Question 16

lec 20

increased intraocular pressure =

Answer 16

CUPPING

Question 17

lec 20

INC CNS pressure =

Answer 17

Papilledema

Question 18

lec 20

Retinal detachment occurs where

Answer 18

Between NEURAL and PIGMENTED layers WITHIN the RETINA itself

not being detached from choroid

Question 19

lec 20

TEMPORAL Field =

Answer 19

Nasal Hemiretina

Question 20

lec 20

NASAL Field =

Answer 20

TEMPORAL Hemiretina

Question 21

lec 20

Superior Field =

Answer 21

Inferior Hemiretina

Inferior Field = Superior Hemiretina

Question 22

lec 20

inferior visual processing =

Answer 22

CUNEUS

Question 23

lec 20

superior visual proc

Answer 23

Lingual Gyrus

Question 24

lec 20

the CUNEIS and LINGUAL GYRUS are seperated by

Answer 24

CALCARINE FIssure

Question 25

# 20/21 site where axons enter the eye and enter the optic nerve

Answer 25

OPTIC DISC

Question 26

# 20/21 retinal layer with photoreceptors , other neurons, and glia in multiple layers

Answer 26

NEURAL retina

Question 27

# 20/21 retinal layer is a single layer of cuboidal cells attached to the choroid

Answer 27

PIGMENT epithelium

Question 28

# 20/21 the retina and optic nerve develop from what?

Answer 28

NEURAL Tube

Question 29

# 20/21 outpocketings from neural tube (forebrain) grow laterally towards the surface and induce surface ectoderm to thicken and form lens placode (future lens)

Answer 29

Optic Vesicles

Question 30

# 20/21 The outer layer of optic cup = inner layer =

Answer 30

Outer = retinal PIGMENT Inner = NEURAL retina

Question 31

# 20/21 Photoreceptors --> ____?___ --> Ganglion Cells

Answer 31

photoreceptors --> BIPOLAR --> GANGLION cells

Question 32

# 20/21 main supporting cell of the retina

Answer 32

MULLER Cells = type of glial cell

Question 33

# 20/21 What supplies the primary visual cortex and the base of the temporal and occipital lobes

Answer 33

POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY

Question 34

# 20/21 Damage to the primary visual cortex results in what?

Answer 34

Macular Vision Loss = CENTRAL SCOTOMA

Question 35

# 20/21 Occlusion of the PCA results in what?

Answer 35

homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing due to collateral branches of the middle cerebral artery

Question 36

# 20/21 **Pituitary Adenoma** places pressure on the **optic chiasm** resulting in what?

Answer 36

Bilateral Hemianopsia | Loss of vission outer half

Question 37

# lec 2021 What artery gives rise to capillaties IN the retina which provides oxygen and nutrients to the cells in the inner layers of the retina

Answer 37

Branches of the Central retinal artery

Question 38

# 20/21 What forms the inner blood retinal barrier

Answer 38

TIGHT Junctions

Question 39

# 20/21 Because the optic nerve is mylineated by oligodendrocytes, it is frequently famaged in what condition, | often presents early in the disease as optic neuritis

Answer 39

MS

Question 40

# 20/21 Detached Retina seperates what from the neural retina at the layer of rods and cones

Answer 40

Retinal pigment epithelium

Question 41

# 20/21 crossing of nasal retinal fibers to contralateral optic tract

Answer 41

Optic Chiasm

Question 42

# 20/21 fibers from the IPSILATERAL Temporal retina and CONTRALATERAL Nasal Retina =

Answer 42

OPTIC TRACT

Question 43

# 20/21 What lobe connects to the lingual gyrus

Answer 43

Temporal Lobe visual radiations (Meyers Loop) | Superior Visual Fields

Question 44

# 20/21 What lobe connects the cuneus

Answer 44

Parietal Lobe visual Radiations | Inferior Visual Fields

Question 45

# 20/21 Defect of vision =

Answer 45

ANOPIA

Question 46

# 20/21 Defect of vision of a half of an eyes visual field =

Answer 46

HEMIANOPIA

Question 47

# 20/21 Lesions in the eye, retina, or optic nerve can cause impaired vision in the visual field of ...

Answer 47

ONE EYE

Question 48

# 20/21 lesions in the optic chiasm, optic tract, or ffuther along the pathway can cause impaired vision in ...

Answer 48

BOTH Eyes

Question 49

# 20/21 Damage to the back of the primary visual cortex results in loss of what vision

Answer 49

MACULAR vision | Bilateral Central Scotoma

Question 50

# 20/21 What supplies blood to the primary visual cortex

Answer 50

Posterior Cerebral Artery | Occlusion: homonymous hemianopia w/ macular sparing (Bilateral Central s

Question 51

# 20/21 What is classically associated with pituatary tumors causing the pituatary gland to compress the optic chiasm

Answer 51

BITERMPORAL HEMIANOPIA

Question 52

# 20/21 Lesion in the lingual gyrus of the temporal lobe results in

Answer 52

Right Superior Quadrantopia

Question 53

# 20/21 Lesion in the cuneus in parietal lobe results in

Answer 53

Right inferior homonymous quadrantanopia